Development of a Molecular Marker Assay for the Bentazone-Sensitive Gene in Soybean = 콩에서 벤타존 감수성 유전자의 분자표지 분석법 개발

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Bentazone is a post-emergence herbicide widely used for the control of broadleaf weeds in various crops, including soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.). A previous study identified a single-base pair deletion in Glyma.16G149300 (designated bzn-1) as the causal mutation conferring sensitivity to bentazone and was incomplete dominant inheritance. Soybean plants homozygous for the bzn-1 mutant allele exhibit severe and distinguishable leaf damage following bentazone application, enabling reliable visual identification. However, distinguishing heterozygous individuals with intermediate phenotypes remains difficult. The objective of this study was to develop a molecular marker capable of genotyping Bzn-1/Bzn-1, Bzn-1/bzn-1, and bzn-1/bzn-1 individuals within an F2 segregating population. We identified a bentazone-sensitive soybean accession, CMJ427, which carries the bzn-1 allele, and used it in marker development and validation. We hypothesize that heterozygous Bzn-1/bzn-1 individuals may exhibit intermediate phenotypes in response to bentazone. F2 segregating population was developed from a cross of CMJ427 × Seonpung. For genotypic ratio, a chi-square test indicated that the observed distribution significantly matched the expected 1 : 2 : 1 ratio. To further characterize this response, we evaluated leaf-level physiological changes using hyperspectral reflectance imaging to measure normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), photochemical reflectance index (PRI), and anthocyanin reflectance index (ARI). For the NDVI, PRI, and ARI indices, the mutant homozygous group exhibited values that were significantly different from those of both the wild-type homozygous and the heterozygous groups. In contrast, no statistically significant differences were detected between the wild-type homozygous and heterozygous classes. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that the bzn-1 variant allele in soybean follows a complete dominant inheritance. This study enables accurate genotypic classification and improves our understanding of the bentazone responses in soybean.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 1. INTRODUCTION 1
• 1.1 Global perspectives on soybean production and weed control strategies 1
• 1.2 Bentazone metabolism and resistance mechanisms in soybean 3
• 1.3 Soybean genetic resources for bentazone sensitivity and tolerance 4
• 1.4 Cytochrome P450 genes and bentazone tolerance in soybean and other crops 6
• 1.5 Molecular breeding and the impact of marker-assisted selection (MAS) 7
• 1.6 The objective of this study 9
• 2. MATERIALS AND METHODS 10
• 2.1 Development of a segregating population 10
• 2.2 Phenotypic assessment for the response of bentazone to soybean 11
• 2.3 DNA extraction 12
• 2.4 Sanger sequencing of Glyma.16G149300 14
• 2.5 Development of genotyping assay for a bzn-1 allele of Glyma.16G149300 14
• 3. RESULTS 17
• 3.1 Determination of variants and development of molecular marker assay 17
• 3.2 Genotypic segregation of the F2 population 18
• 3.3 Analysis of variance for vegetation indices with F2 plants 18
• 4. DISCUSSION 32
• REFERENCES 35