Ethylene oxide (E.O) is the ether compound used to create ethylene compounds and a sterilizer in industries. E.O has been reported to have detrimental effects in mammals, including reproductive toxicity. Previous studies on male reproductive toxicity ...
Ethylene oxide (E.O) is the ether compound used to create ethylene compounds and a sterilizer in industries. E.O has been reported to have detrimental effects in mammals, including reproductive toxicity. Previous studies on male reproductive toxicity have reported its harmful effects; however, the impact of E.O toxic effects on sperm capacitation remains poorly understood. Therefore, the present investigation was performed to evaluate the impact of E.O exposure on sperm functions with different concentrations of E.O (0, 0.1, 1, 10, and 100 μМ). In this study, sperm motion parameters, cell viability, intracellular ATP levels, capacitation status, expression levels of phospho-protein kinase A (PKA) substrates, and tyrosine phosphorylated proteins were measured. The results showed that the E.O treatment group significantly decreased sperm motion parameters and the intracellular ATP levels. In addition, E.O exposure led to an abnormally increased number of capacitated spermatozoa. Western blot results showed abnormally changed phospho-PKA substrates and decreased tyrosine phosphorylated proteins after E.O treatment. Consequently, these findings suggest that E.O might negatively impact sperm function, resulting in male reproductive toxicity. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanisms fundamental to the E.O-induced inhibition of sperm function are not fully understood. Ras-associated binding (Rab) proteins play key roles in sperm function, such as sperm capacitation and acrosome reaction. Accordingly, the investigation focused on elucidating the molecular mechanisms fundamental to the E.O-induced toxic effects on sperm motility by concentrating on the Rab proteins. Therefore, we analyzed thirty-one individual Duroc semen samples to determine the correlations between six Rab protein levels, including Rab3A, Rab5, Rab14, Rab25, Rab27A, and Rab34, and sperm motility after 100 μM E.O exposure. Results showed that the 100 μM E.O group had significantly decreased sperm motility and kinematic parameters. The correlation analysis revealed that Rab3A, Rab5, Rab14, Rab25, Rab27A, and Rab34 were correlated with various sperm motion parameters in the control group. By contrast, Rab3A and Rab14 showed correlation with multiple sperm motility and motion kinematic parameters in the 100 μM E.O group. These results might indicate that E.O affects sperm motion parameters through Rab proteins, leading to decreased sperm motion parameters. Hence, the current findings provide basic evidence for the molecular mechanisms underlying E.O-induced toxic effects on sperm function.