A Study on Safety Enhancement of Hydrogen Handling Facilities Based on CFD-FEA Simulation = CFD-FEA 시뮬레이션 기반 수소 취급시설 안전성 향상에 대한 연구

국문 초록 (Abstract)

수소 충전소 안전성 및 효율성 향상을 위해 다양한 유형의 수소 충전소에서의 수소 누출에 따른 화재 및 폭발로부터 피해 저감 방안과 효율적인 건설 엔지니어링을 위한 CFD-FEA 해석 방법을 적용하였다.
개방된 공간의 수소 충전소에 화재로 인한 복사열, 폭발로 인한 과압으로부터 안전성 향상을 위해 차단벽에 효과를 분석하고 RSM과 ANN 기법을 활용하여 차단벽 최적 설계 조건을 도출하였다.
반밀폐 공간에 수소 충전을 위한 시설이 있는 수소 충전소에서의 안전성 향상을 위해 환기 영향과 폭발 방산구 설치 효과를 분석함으로써 안전 관리 방안을 제시하였고 위험성 평가를 통해 정량적으로 그 효과를 입증하였다. 수소 충전하기 위한 시설이 콘크리트 구조물 내부에 있을 때 내부에 발생한 증기운 폭발로부터 구조물에 영향을 미치는 폭발 하중을 도출하고 이를 직접적으로 활용한 CFD-FEA 기법을 통해 기존에 방식으로 계산한 TNT 폭발과 큰
차이의 동적 응답 해석 결과가 나타남을 확인하였습니다. 본 논문은 지속적으로 증가하고 있는 수소 충전소, 나아가 수소 취급시설에서의 안전성 확보와 효율적인 건설 엔지니어링에 통찰력을 제공함으로써 수소를 활용함에 있어 체계적인 안전 관리 방안 수립 및 수소 충전소 건설 기준에도 도움이 되기를 기대한다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

To enhance the safety and efficiency of hydrogen refueling stations(HRS) coupled CFD–FEA analysis approach was applied to various types of HRS to propose measures for mitigating fire and explosion damage caused by hydrogen leaks and to support efficient construction engineering. For open-space stations, the effectiveness of barrier walls against thermal radiation from fires and overpressure from explosions was analyzed, and optimal barrier design conditions were derived using response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN) techniques. For semi- enclosed stations equipped with hydrogen refueling facilities, the effects of ventilation conditions and the installation of explosion pressure relief vents were analyzed to propose safety management measures, and their effectiveness was quantitatively demonstrated through risk assessment. When refueling facilities were located inside concrete structures, explosion loads acting on the structures due to internally generated vapor cloud explosions were evaluated. By directly applying these loads to structural analyses through a coupled CFD–FEA approach, it was confirmed that the conventional TNT equivalency method yields excessively conservative dynamic response predictions. This study provides insights for ensuring safety against fire and explosion hazards and supporting efficient construction engineering not only for HRS but also for a broader range of hydrogen-handling facilities. The findings are expected to contribute to the establishment of systematic safety management strategies and construction standards for HRS.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 1. INTRIDUCTION 1
• A. Research background 1
• B. Research objective 4
• C. literature review 7
• D. Research contribution 14
• 2. THEORETICAL BACKGROUND 15
• A. Characteristics of hydrogen and Hydrogen Refueling Station (HRS) 15
• B. Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) 20
• C. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) 28
• D. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) 33
• E. Artificial Neural Network (ANN) 35
• 3. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 38
• A. Damage mitigation strategies for HRS installed in open space 38
• 1) Methodology 38
• 2) Geometry and accidents scenario 40
• 3) Evaluation criteria of barrier design 45
• B. Safety management strategies for semi-enclosed Package-Type HRS 47
• 1) Methodology 47
• 2) Geometry and accidents scenario 49
• 3) Calculation of ventilation condition and explosion pressure relief vent 53
• C. Dynamic response assessment of concrete semi-enclosed structures incorporating hydrogen refueling facilities 58
• 1) Methodology 58
• 2) Accidents scenario 60
• 3) Geometry and monitor panels 63
• 4) Calculation of TNT equivalents for vapor cloud explosions 65
• 4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 66
• A. Damage mitigation strategies for HRS installed in open space 66
• 1) Simulation validation 66
• 2) Barrier effect and determination of barrier variable 73
• 3) Design variables of Multi-objective barrier 80
• B. Safety management strategies for semi-enclosed Package-Type HRS 96
• 1) Simulation validation 96
• 2) Ventilation effect 100
• 3) Explosion pressure relief vent effect 109
• 4) Risk analysis and package-type HRS safety management 122
• C. Dynamic response assessment of concrete semi-enclosed structures incorporating hydrogen refueling facilities 130
• 1) CFD Simulation validation 130
• 2) Vapor Cloud Explosion effects in concrete structures 133
• 3) FEA Simulation validation 140
• 4) Comparison of TNT and vapor cloud explosion 147
• 5) Evaluation of the dynamic response in a concrete structure 149
• 4. CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE WORK 152
• A. Conclusion 152
• B. Future work 156
• References 157
• 국문초록 177