Garnet-type Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO) has been widely recognized as a promising solid electrolyte for all-solid-state lithium batteries owing to its high Li+ conductivity and excellent chemical stability against lithium metal. However, the coexistence of te...
Garnet-type Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO) has been widely recognized as a promising solid electrolyte for all-solid-state lithium batteries owing to its high Li+ conductivity and excellent chemical stability against lithium metal. However, the coexistence of tetragonal and cubic phases during synthesis, as well as surface degradation in ambient air (e.g., Li2CO3 formation), remain major challenges. To address these issues, this study adopts a dual strategy that integrates (i) single-element substitution at the Zr site and (ii) LiNbO3 (LNO) surface coating. First, Sb and In dopants were individually doped at the Zr site, successfully stabilizing the cubic garnet phase and enhancing the Li-ion conductivity. In particular, In-doped LLZO exhibited a dense microstructure and reduced grain-boundary resistance, resulting in superior ionic transport compared to undoped LLZO. Next, a thin LNO layer was deposited onto Ga-doped LLZO particles via a dry-coating process, which significantly suppressed Li2CO3 formation upon air exposure. After accelerated durability testing, the LNO-coated LLZO retained approximately 79% of its original ionic conductivity, whereas the uncoated counterpart maintained only about 23%. These results clearly demonstrate that intrinsic phase stabilization through Zr-site doping, combined with extrinsic surface protection via LiNbO3 coating, synergistically improves the structural stability, air robustness, and ionic conductivity of LLZO. This integrated approach provides practical design guidelines for developing high-performance garnet solid electrolytes for next-generation all-solid-state lithium batteries.