Developing highly active and durable hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) catalysts with minimal noble‐metal loading remains a critical challenge for sustainable hydrogen production. Herein, we present a defect-mediated anchoring strategy that enables ...
Developing highly active and durable hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) catalysts with minimal noble‐metal loading remains a critical challenge for sustainable hydrogen production. Herein, we present a defect-mediated anchoring strategy that enables the stabilization of sub-nanometer Pt species on oxygen-deficient TiO₂₋ₓ. Controlled chemical reduction of TiO₂ using NaBH₄ allows precise tuning of Ti³⁺ density and oxygen vacancy concentration, which serve as strong electron-donating anchoring sites for Pt. Moderate defect formation (0.2 g NaBH₄) significantly enhances Pt dispersion, electronic coupling, and active surface availability, resulting in the lowest overpotential and smallest Tafel slope among all samples. In contrast, excessive reduction (0.4 g NaBH₄) leads to defect overaccumulation, increased charge recombination, and reduced effective electrochemical surface area, ultimately deteriorating HER activity. Comprehensive analyses including XPS, EPR, Raman, and capacitance measurements confirm the direct correlation between defect concentration, Pt anchoring behavior, and catalytic performance. The optimized TiO2(0.2) + Pt catalyst demonstrates superior HER activity and long-term stability while minimizing Pt usage, offering a practical pathway toward cost-effective and robust electrocatalysts for green hydrogen production.