Periodontal disease (PD) is one of the most prevalent oral conditions affecting dogs, cats, and humans. It begins as gingivitis, a reversible inflammatory state, and can progress to periodontitis, an irreversible condition. Although the etiology of PD...
Periodontal disease (PD) is one of the most prevalent oral conditions affecting dogs, cats, and humans. It begins as gingivitis, a reversible inflammatory state, and can progress to periodontitis, an irreversible condition. Although the etiology of PD is well established in humans, research in dogs and cats remains limited. Several studies suggest that bacteria strongly associated with human periodontitis may also contribute to the disease in companion animals. A recent study examined 336 subgingival plaque samples from dogs to determine the prevalence of 11 suspected periodontal pathogens, and assess their individual and combined correlations with PD stages. The study identified Treponema denticola (Td) as a key prognostic biomarker for canine periodontitis. However, a limitation was the classification of samples based solely on the periodontal status of the target tooth without a comprehensive assessment of oral health. Moreover, the study emphasized the need for validation with a larger sample size. Further research in cats is crucial to clarify species-specific pathogenesis, microbial profiles, and the clinical relevance of key periodontal pathogens. This study addressed those limitations by ensuring consistent overall oral health assessments across all sampled groups of dogs (under 20 kg) and cats, thereby minimizing environmental variability. A total of 1,054 subgingival plaque samples from dogs and 435 from cats were analyzed using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) to detect 12 bacterial species. These included the same 11 suspected periodontopathic bacteria-Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa), Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), Tannerella forsythia (Tf), Td, Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn), Prevotella nigrescens (Pn), Prevotella intermedia (Pi), Parvimonas micra (Pm), Eubacterium nodatum (En), Campylobacter rectus (Cr), and Eikenella corrodens (Ec)-along with Porphyromonas gulae (P. gulae), proposed as a primary etiological agent of canine and feline periodontitis based on prior statistical analyses. This study identified a robust association between Fn and gingivitis, reaffirming the significant correlation between Td and periodontitis in dogs. In cats, Fn showed a strong association with PD. Conversely, Aa in dogs, and Aa, Pg, Pn, Pi, and En in cats exhibited no substantial association with PD. Furthermore, P. gulae did not show a statistically significant association with periodontal disease in either species. These findings indicate that Fn and Td may serve as reliable biomarkers for assessing the severity of PD in dogs under 20 kg; Fn may be a potential biomarker in cats.