Objective: Despite advances in medical treatment, stigmatizing perceptions continue to shape how society interprets psychiatric disorders and newly emerging infectious diseases such as COVID-19, often creating barriers to healthcare utilization. The p...
Objective: Despite advances in medical treatment, stigmatizing perceptions continue to shape how society interprets psychiatric disorders and newly emerging infectious diseases such as COVID-19, often creating barriers to healthcare utilization. The purpose of this research was to draw a comparison between stigma directed at COVID-19 and stigma toward mental illness, with a focus on identifying cognitive and experiential elements that could contribute to its reduction.
Methods: In May 2023, a nationwide web-based survey was conducted in South Korea, targeting 1,500 adults between 19 and 65 years of age who were enrolled in Embrain’s research panel. Standardized tools were employed to evaluate stigma and distress in relation to both COVID-19 and psychiatric disorders. In addition, demographic and clinical characteristics were collected, knowledge and fear concerning COVID-19 were assessed, and respondents’ attitudes and prejudices regarding psychiatric treatment were examined. Personality traits were measured using the Big Five Inventory-10 (BFI-10). Variables demonstrating significant relationships with stigma were further tested through multiple linear regression analyses.
Results: The analysis revealed that stigma surrounding COVID-19 decreased as knowledge of the disease increased but was heightened among older individuals and those expressing stronger fear of infection. Participants who had personally experienced COVID-19 reported notably lower stigma scores. In parallel, stigma toward mental illness was mitigated by greater awareness of psychiatric disorders, whereas age, conscientiousness, and neuroticism showed positive associations with stigmatizing attitudes. Moreover, having direct contact with persons diagnosed with mental illness predicted reduced levels of stigma.
Conclusion: Overall, this finding suggest that the mechanisms generating stigma are largely consistent between long-term psychiatric conditions and newly emergent infectious diseases. Both cognitive understanding and experiential interaction play a crucial role. Initiatives emphasizing accurate public education combined with opportunities for direct interpersonal engagement with affected groups may serve as effective strategies for stigma reduction.
Keywords: COVID-19, Stigma, Psychiatric disorders, Prejudice, Personality trait