This study aims to qualitatively explore the emotional expression experiences of lower-grade elementary school students using an artificial intelligence (AI)–based emotional education tool, the AI Mind Diary app, with a primary focus on students’ ...
This study aims to qualitatively explore the emotional expression experiences of lower-grade elementary school students using an artificial intelligence (AI)–based emotional education tool, the AI Mind Diary app, with a primary focus on students’ interview narratives, and to examine the educational significance of digital media–based emotional support tools in school-based emotional education. Recently, schools have reported increasing emotional difficulties among elementary students, such as emotional anxiety and peer relationship conflicts, which has led to growing attention to social–emotional learning (SEL), including self-awareness and self-management competencies. However, qualitative studies that explore lower-grade elementary students’ experiences with AI-based emotional support tools from the students’ own perspectives remain relatively rare. In this context, the present study sought to investigate how young elementary students experience emotional expression while using the AI Mind Diary app, centering on their own voices.
The participants were 17 students (8 boys and 9 girls) from a second-grade classroom at an elementary school located in Busan, South Korea. The researcher, who was also the homeroom teacher, conducted the study within the context of everyday classroom activities. During the second semester, students participated in emotional expression activities using the AI Mind Diary app. After the completion of the activities, semi-structured individual interviews were conducted between November 24 and November 28, 2025, during which students shared their experiences and perceptions related to emotional expression. The interview data were transcribed and analyzed using an inductive qualitative content analysis approach, involving open coding and axial coding. Paper-based diaries, AI Mind Diary records, and teacher dashboard data were used only as supplementary materials to support the interpretation of interview findings.
The analysis revealed three main categories of students’ experiences with the AI Mind Diary. First, students experienced emotional comfort through AI feedback. After expressing their emotions, students reported feeling better or more emotionally stable when they received empathetic and comforting responses from the AI. Some students repeatedly expressed gratitude toward the AI, describing a sense of sharing their feelings rather than writing alone. Second, students perceived the convenience of digital media–based emotional expression. They reported that keyboard and touch input were more comfortable than writing with a pencil, that editing was easier, and that reduced physical strain made emotional expression less burdensome, which helped them continue the activity. Third, students experienced sustained and expanded emotional expression. They explained that they began to think more deeply about why they felt certain emotions and that they gradually expressed a wider range of emotions rather than ending their writing with a single sentence.
This study demonstrates, through students’ own voices, that lower-grade elementary students can sustain and expand their emotional expression based on experiences of being emotionally comforted and accepted while using the AI Mind Diary app. By inductively analyzing students’ interview data, this study suggests that digital emotional education tools can function beyond technical features as educational mediators that help young learners safely express and reflect on their emotions.
Keywords: AI Mind Diary, Emotional expression, Elementary students, AI-based Emotional Support, Social and Emotional Learning (SEL), Qualitative content analysis