The Korean medical tourism industry has achieved rapid growth driven by the global expansion of K-beauty, the influence of Hallyu content, advancements in medical technology, and active government policy support. In 2024, approximately 1.17 million fo...
The Korean medical tourism industry has achieved rapid growth driven by the global expansion of K-beauty, the influence of Hallyu content, advancements in medical technology, and active government policy support. In 2024, approximately 1.17 million foreign patients visited Korea, representing a 1.9-fold increase from the previous year, with the cumulative number of patients since 2009 reaching approximately 5.05 million. This growth demonstrates that Korean medical tourism has evolved beyond simple medical service provision into a multifaceted value creation sector that integrates K-beauty and Hallyu cultural assets.
However, despite this quantitative growth, research systematically examining how Korean medical tourism service quality affects customer satisfaction, customer trust, and behavioral intention, and empirically analyzing the moderating effect of K-beauty perception, remains insufficient. Particularly, medical tourism is a high-risk, high-involvement service, yet prior research integrating the impact of both functional service quality and cultural contextual variables on customer responses is limited.
Therefore, this study aims to empirically analyze the effects of Korean medical tourism service quality components on customer satisfaction, customer trust, and behavioral intention, and to verify the moderating effect of K-beauty perception, thereby proposing practical strategies to strengthen competitiveness and sustainable growth in the Korean medical tourism industry.
The main variables addressed in this study are as follows. Medical tourism service quality consists of tangibility, reliability, safety, accessibility, and empathy. Customer satisfaction refers to the overall positive evaluation of the medical tourism experience. Customer trust is divided into cognitive trust and affective trust, while behavioral intention includes revisit intention, recommendation intention, and positive word-of-mouth intention. K-beauty perception represents the positive image evaluation of Korean beauty-related products, services, and culture.
For the research methodology, an online survey was conducted with 404 foreign patients who had experienced Korean medical tourism. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 28.0, employing exploratory factor analysis, reliability analysis, correlation analysis, multiple regression analysis, and moderated regression analysis.
The research findings are as follows. First, each component of service quality significantly influenced customer satisfaction and customer trust, with safety having the greatest impact on customer satisfaction and empathy having the strongest effect on customer trust. Second, both customer satisfaction and customer trust directly affected behavioral intention, and customer trust mediated the relationship between customer satisfaction and behavioral intention. Third, K-beauty perception showed a partial moderating effect on the relationships between tangibility/reliability and customer satisfaction, as well as between empathy and affective trust. These results suggest that K-beauty functions as a cultural contextual variable that operates selectively in the medical tourism service evaluation process.
The theoretical contributions of this study are as follows. First, it empirically identifies the structural relationships of Korean medical tourism service quality and presents an integrated research model encompassing customer satisfaction, customer trust, and behavioral intention.
Second, it contributes to the refinement of medical tourism service quality research by identifying the differential impacts of safety on customer satisfaction and empathy on customer trust. Third, it empirically analyzes the relationships between antecedent factors and outcome variables by subdividing customer trust into cognitive trust and affective trust. Fourth, it theoretically demonstrates that cultural assets operate in stages during the medical tourism service evaluation process by identifying the selective moderating mechanism of K-beauty perception.
From a practical perspective, the findings suggest the need to strengthen safety-centered quality management, expand empathetic care services, strategically utilize K-beauty assets, and establish customized marketing strategies by nationality and treatment field. Particularly, since K-beauty is effective in the customer satisfaction formation stage but operates limitedly in the trust formation stage, a balanced approach between cultural branding and medical expertise is required.
In conclusion, this study empirically identifies the stepwise structural relationships through which Korean medical tourism service quality influences behavioral intention via customer satisfaction and customer trust, and confirms that K-beauty perception exerts a partial but significant moderating effect in this process. This suggests that the Korean medical tourism industry should strengthen its global competitiveness through the integration of cultural assets and medical services.