Background: Amid of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) endemic, annual immunization against COVID-19 and influenza is being recommended, yet limited data exist on the safety of concomitant vaccination. Preliminary data have raised concerns on the pot...
Background: Amid of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) endemic, annual immunization against COVID-19 and influenza is being recommended, yet limited data exist on the safety of concomitant vaccination. Preliminary data have raised concerns on the potential risk of psychiatric events following either COVID-19 or influenza vaccination.
Objectives: To assess whether concomitant COVID-19 and influenza vaccination is associated with the risk of psychiatric events.
Methods: We conducted a self-controlled case series (SCCS) analysis using the National Health Insurance Database, linked with the Immunization Registry Information System from February 26, 2021 to July 31, 2023. The study population included those who received both COVID-19 and influenza vaccines within a 28-day interval and subsequently diagnosed with psychiatric events, including anxiety, mood disorders, psychoses, behavioral disturbances, cognitive impairments, and sleep disorders. The risk window was defined as the first 90 days after each vaccination, with the overlapping period defined as the risk window for concomitant vaccination. We compared the incidences of psychiatric events in the risk window and the remaining periods (i.e., control window) to estimate incidence rate ratios (IRR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) using conditional Poisson regression.
Results: Among 119,423 cases of new-onset psychiatric events following concomitant vaccination, the incidence rates were modestly higher in the risk vs. control windows (IRR 1.18; 95% CI 1.16-1.21). In a stratified analysis by the event type, similar patterns were observed for sleep disorders (IRR 1.16; 95% CI 1.13-1.20), mood disorders (1.12; 1.06–1.17), anxiety (1.10; 1.05–1.16), and cognitive impairments (1.08; 1.00–1.16), whereas estimates for psychotic symptoms (1.05, 0.89–1.24) and behavioral disturbances (1.13, 0.89–1.44) were not statistically significant.
Conclusions: This nationwide study did not suggest a clinically meaningful elevated risk of new-onset psychiatric events associated with COVID-19 and influenza vaccines. However, the results should be interpreted with caution and highlight the need to monitor for acute psychiatric symptoms when these two vaccines are administered within 28 days.