This study offers a comprehensive interpretation of the Neo-Confucian philosophy of Hoejae Yi Eon-jeok (1491–1553), a mid-Joseon scholar, from the perspective of the logical continuity between ontological foundations (root) and statecraft-oriented p...
This study offers a comprehensive interpretation of the Neo-Confucian philosophy of Hoejae Yi Eon-jeok (1491–1553), a mid-Joseon scholar, from the perspective of the logical continuity between ontological foundations (root) and statecraft-oriented practice (branch). Moving beyond earlier studies that focused narrowly on Yi’s theory of li or fragmentary classical exegesis, this research reconstructs his thought as a coherent and self-contained philosophical system integrating ontology, moral cultivation, classical learning, and governance.
Methodologically, this study prioritizes close analysis of primary sources, including Yi’s collected writings (Hoejaejip) and major independent works such as Supplementary Notes on the Great Learning, Extended Meaning of the Nine Classics of the Doctrine of the Mean, Record of Seeking Humanity, and Miscellaneous Discussions on Ritual Offerings. These texts are examined through textual and logical analysis and compared with the writings of Confucian scholars before and after Yi Eon-jeok. The overall structure of the study is designed to demonstrate the necessary development of his thought from ontology through mind–nature theory and classical learning to statecraft.
The study reaches four main conclusions. First, Yi Eon-jeok’s Neo-Confucian philosophy is grounded in ontological concepts such as Taiji, li, and Heaven, and culminates in a root–branch (bon–mal) structuring of cognition regarding “things.” By applying root–branch theory as an epistemological framework, this study elucidates how Yi understood existence, cognition, and practice as relationally structured by Heavenly Principle (cheonli).
Second, the principle of rectifying the root and purifying the source (danbon cheongwon) functions as the core practical mechanism of Yi’s philosophy. His theory of mind and nature emphasizes the internalization of li, which leads to a cultivation theory centered on learning, reverence, and moral realization. Moral self-cultivation is not treated as a private endeavor but as the necessary foundation for social and political practice, consistently reflecting the Confucian ideal of “inner sageliness and outer kingliness.”
Third, Yi’s interpretations of the Confucian classics serve as concrete mediators linking self-cultivation and governance. His classical learning goes beyond textual exegesis to function as a normative guide for ethical conduct and political order. A critical examination of recent claims regarding affinities with Wang Yangming’s philosophy confirms that Yi’s emphasis on learning and study firmly situates him within the Zhu Xi tradition.
Fourth, Yi Eon-jeok’s theory of statecraft should be understood as the realization of moral and Confucian values rather than as a set of technical policy proposals. His memorials on talent recruitment, institutional reform, and moral governance demonstrate a consistent root–branch structure in which personal moral cultivation expands into effective state governance.
In sum, Yi Eon-jeok’s Neo-Confucian philosophy is consistently structured by the logical continuity of the root–branch framework, extending from ontology to statecraft. This study repositions Yi Eon-jeok as a key theoretical mediator who faithfully inherited Zhu Xi’s tradition while systematically integrating ontology, moral cultivation, classical learning, and governance in early Joseon Neo-Confucianism.