This study aims to identify 'sustainable marketization strategies' for Korean indie labels to survive while maintaining independence in a market structure where the global success of K-pop has intensified (or skewed) toward large capital. Currently, K...
This study aims to identify 'sustainable marketization strategies' for Korean indie labels to survive while maintaining independence in a market structure where the global success of K-pop has intensified (or skewed) toward large capital. Currently, Korean indie labels are recognized as key players ensuring musical diversity and creativity, but many struggle to secure sustainability due to limited capital and an unstable revenue structure. Therefore, this study sought to identify strategic ways for Korean indie labels to survive in the market while maintaining their independence.
The specific objective of this study is to analyze the marketization strategies of Korean indie labels to find a balance point between indie identity and marketization success. In particular, it aims to derive a sustainable development model by comprehensively examining not only success cases but also cases facing difficulties in sustainability. While previous studies have focused on analyzing success cases, this study is unique in clarifying the essential dilemma of indie label management through a comparative analysis of sustainability.
The research method adopted a mixed-methods design, primarily a qualitative case study based on in-depth interviews, complemented by a survey. In-depth interviews were conducted with five indie labels (Antenna, MPMG, Bunga Bunga Record, Artful Artist Collective, Stiz) with contrasting marketization performance, and a survey was conducted targeting 108 professionals in the indie music industry. In this process, Bourdieu's theory of capital was utilized as an analytical framework to systematically analyze the conversion process of 'cultural capital → social capital → economic capital'.
The main research findings are as follows. First, successful indie labels implemented 'Strategic Indie Identity,' which strategically utilizes their indie identity as a resource for differentiation, not a constraint. Second, the phenomenon of 'Indie Paradox' was discovered, where marketization success actually threatens the indie identity, and it was confirmed that the ability to effectively manage this paradox is a key factor for success or failure. Third, four diverging factors that separate success from limitations were derived: ① the capacity for balancing authenticity and marketability, ② the strategy for capital utilization and partnership, ③ the strategic utilization of the fandom community, and ④ the capacity for leadership and environmental response.
This study makes an academic contribution by proposing the concept of 'Strategic Indie Identity' which overcomes the structural limitations of existing cultural production theory and highlights the strategic capacity of actors, thereby clarifying the mechanism of 'cultural capital → social capital → economic capital' conversion. Practically, it provides specific strategic guidelines for indie label operators and artists and demonstrates that indie labels can secure sustainability not through 'adherence to purity' but through 'value-centered evolution' by deriving policy implications for revitalizing the indie music ecosystem. This is expected to contribute to the sustainable development of Korean popular music.