Scientific progress depends on the continuous exchange and recombination of knowledge, and knowledge flow is central to academic development. Knowledge can be either consolidative, reinforcing existing paradigms, or disruptive, redirecting prevailing ...
Scientific progress depends on the continuous exchange and recombination of knowledge, and knowledge flow is central to academic development. Knowledge can be either consolidative, reinforcing existing paradigms, or disruptive, redirecting prevailing lines of inquiry. While cognitive proximity typically facilitates absorption, disruptive knowledge may conflict with established assumptions and face resistance among cognitively close researchers. Yet, how cognitive distance shapes the diffusion of disruptive knowledge has been insufficiently examined.
This study extends the cognitive distance–learning framework by introducing knowledge disruption as a structural moderator. Using the Disruption Index, we expect consolidative knowledge to be more easily absorbed by proximate actors, whereas disruptive knowledge may encounter reduced absorptive capacity nearby and draw greater attention from distant cognitive communities. The analysis uses Microsoft Academic Graph (MAG) data, covering 755,230 focal papers published in 2015 and 18,309,382 citing papers. Cognitive distance is measured via cosine similarity based on research teams' publication histories.
The results show that disruption moderates the relationship between cognitive distance and knowledge flow. Low-disruption knowledge flows most strongly at close distances, whereas higher disruption weakens near-distance flow and increases distant uptake. Disruption also displays a direct positive association with knowledge flow.
This study contributes by integrating knowledge disruption into the cognitive distance–learning framework, shifting attention from the creation to the diffusion of disruptive knowledge, and demonstrating that these interaction patterns appear consistently across fields. The findings highlight differentiated diffusion mechanisms across knowledge types and provide a basis for understanding how cumulative and transformative advances co-evolve in scientific ecosystems.