Adolescents in South Korea experience vague anxiety regarding their future careers within an education system that remains heavily oriented toward college entrance examinations. This environment limits opportunities for adolescents to explore their ca...
Adolescents in South Korea experience vague anxiety regarding their future careers within an education system that remains heavily oriented toward college entrance examinations. This environment limits opportunities for adolescents to explore their career paths autonomously. Consequently, increasing attention has been given to career adaptability, the capacity to respond flexibly to a changing labor market, and grit, defined as perseverance and sustained passion toward long-term goals.
The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of youth activity participation on the career adaptability of high school students and to investigate the mediating role of grit in this relationship. For this purpose, data from the fourth wave of the Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey 2018 (KCYPS 2018), consisting of 2,265 first-year high school students, were analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM) and multi-group analysis.
The main findings of this study are as follows:
First, participation in youth activities had a statistically significant positive effect on career adaptability. This finding supports Dewey’s experiential learning theory, suggesting that voluntary youth activity experiences outside the formal school curriculum function as an educational mechanism that fosters adaptive attitudes and confidence in response to changing environments.
Second, grit was identified as a strong positive predictor of career adaptability. Higher levels of grit were associated with significantly higher levels of career adaptability, indicating that the psychological mechanism of sustained effort and interest toward long-term goals is closely related to adolescents’ ability to cope with uncertain career environments.
Third, for the overall sample, the indirect effect of youth activities on career adaptability through grit was not statistically significant. Participation frequency in youth activities did not directly enhance grit, and thus the mediating effect was not supported. This result suggests that the qualitative depth of activities and intrinsic motivation may be more critical than mere participation frequency in the development of grit during adolescence.
Fourth, multi-group analysis by gender revealed clear differences in the effects of youth activity participation on grit. For male adolescents, participation in youth activities had a significant positive effect on grit, whereas for female adolescents, participation showed a negative effect. This finding implies that female adolescents may experience higher sensitivity to academic and career-related demands, and excessive activity participation may function as a psychological burden.
This study demonstrates that youth activities have a direct effect on enhancing career adaptability even without a mediating variable. Furthermore, by identifying gender differences in the influence of youth activities on non-cognitive competencies such as grit, this study suggests the need for gender-sensitive approaches to career guidance and the development of qualitative youth activity programs aimed at fostering grit.