As demands for privacy and anonymity in digital environments grow, the use of secure messengers based on end-to-end encryption technology is increasing. Secure messengers are being misused for various criminal activities beyond legitimate purposes, su...
As demands for privacy and anonymity in digital environments grow, the use of secure messengers based on end-to-end encryption technology is increasing. Secure messengers are being misused for various criminal activities beyond legitimate purposes, such as drug trafficking and the distribution of illegal recordings. End-to-end encryption technology and manufacturers' non-cooperative policies make it difficult to obtain conversation content during criminal investigations.
This study proposes a method to acquire data from secure messengers by migrating automatically logged-in sessions without decrypting conversation content. An experimental environment was established targeting ten secure messengers that provide official Windows desktop clients: Telegram Desktop, Session, Jami, Signal, Element, WhatsApp, Wire, Zalo, Viber, and AWS Wickr. Static analysis examined each messenger's AppData directory, configuration files, and databases to verify the presence of auto-login sessions. In environments with auto-login enabled, we validated session restoration feasibility through four methods: AppData-based migration, Windows credential-based access, NTLM hash restoration access, and HIVE file modification-based access.
The results showed that session restoration using only the AppData directory was possible for only three messengers (Telegram Desktop, Session, Jami). Most secure messengers employed the operating system's DPAPI-based encryption structure, making session restoration impossible through AppData migration alone. Conversely, when migrating disk copies after obtaining the Windows account password, session restoration was possible for all 10 messengers. The NTLM hash restoration method also yielded the same result when password cracking succeeded. The HIVE file modification-based approach enabled session restoration only in 5 types (Telegram Desktop, Session, Jami, Viber, AWS Wickr). This was confirmed to stem from a structural characteristic where the newly generated encryption key during the password reset process does not match the existing session token.
Based on the experimental results, a step-by-step procedure for acquiring secure messenger data applicable in seizure and search scenarios was proposed. The procedure consists of an initial verification stage, a secure messenger identification and classification stage, a decryption attempt stage in environments without auto-login, a migration stage in auto-login environments, and a data acquisition termination and documentation stage. Each stage was designed to reflect differences in session storage methods and operating system authentication systems across messengers. Furthermore, the experimental results obtained in this study were incorporated into the procedure design to establish criteria for determining the presence of auto-login and selecting the session restoration method.
This study is significant in that it verifies session migration techniques for acquiring digital evidence from desktop security messengers and presents procedures applicable during search and seizure operations. By demonstrating the practical feasibility of securing data from security messengers through session migration, it contributes to investigative practice. However, environments exist where session migration is restricted due to factors like BitLocker encryption and two-factor authentication, necessitating future research on acquiring desktop secure messengers from diverse perspectives. Future development of technology to automate the collection of conversations and media from the GUI screen after session restoration is required.
It is hoped that this research will enhance the feasibility of accessing desktop secure messengers during future search and seizure operations and contribute to securing core data essential for proving criminal allegations.