The purpose of this study is to explore the meaning of self-help group participation for sexual violence survivors thereby gaining insight into how social relationships and support facilitate the recovery process. The research question guiding the stu...
The purpose of this study is to explore the meaning of self-help group participation for sexual violence survivors thereby gaining insight into how social relationships and support facilitate the recovery process. The research question guiding the study was: ‘What are the self-help group participation experiences of sexual violence survivors?’ A qualitative study was conducted using inductive thematic analysis to examine the participants’ backgrounds for joining the group within the context of their survival process, their experiences within the group, and the meaning of their participation. For this purpose, in-depth interviews were conducted with adult female sexual violence survivors who had experience in self-help groups, and the interview data collected from 11 participants were analyzed.
The analysis resulted in a structure composed of 5 categories, 14 sub-categories, 32 main themes, and 89 meaning units, which are summarized as follows:
‘Longing for Communication Amidst Isolation’ : This category reflects that participants experienced isolation and a deep craving for empathic communication before joining the self-help group. This was specified by the sub-themes of ‘Silent Outcry,’ ‘A Shaken Self Amidst Surging Aftermath,’ and ‘Thirst for Genuine Empathy and Understanding.’ This experience was identified as the key background driving participants to seek connection with other survivors.
‘Building a Bridge of Trust through Mutual Encounter’ : Driven by a deep yearning for communication, the participants experienced both expectation and fear regarding self-help group participation, yet bravely joined the group. Safety within the group was a foundation built through the collaboration of group members and the supporting institution. Negative experiences in non-safe groups also existed, further highlighting the importance of a secure environment. Trust led to self-disclosure and relationship formation, elaborated by ‘Courage to Reveal,’ ‘Belief that 'It's Safe to Speak',’ and ‘Opening and Connecting the Heart.’
‘Rewriting Stories in Conversation Together’: Through actively reciprocal and cyclical dialogues, the group expanded the participants’ awareness of sexual violence by sharing empathy, support, opinions, and deconstructing common misconceptions. Witnessing the recovery of others and sharing experiential knowledge fostered hope and courage for recovery, leading to a profound sense of catharsis. This was specified as ‘Expanding Awareness through Dialogues of Resonance and Deconstruction,’ and ‘Becoming Guides for Each Other.’
‘Becoming the Owner of My Life’ : During the group participation process, participants regained a sense of normality about themselves, repeatedly worked with the group to assign the guilt they had endured to its rightful place, and rediscovered the inherent strength within themselves and their peers. This experience extended to rebuilding relationships with those around them and developing a sense of solidarity, leading them to help other survivors and voice social opinions on the issue of sexual violence. This was substantiated by the sub-themes of ‘Reclaiming My Own Voice’, ‘Broadening the landscape of Relationships’, and ‘Survivor Mission’.
‘Continuity amidst Fluctuations: We Surmount the Waves of Challenge’ : The participants faced psychological challenges and crises during the initial and sustained periods of group participation. Nevertheless, perceiving the group as a survivor-led space, they demonstrated a commitment to resolving crises through their own agency. Through consistent group participation, the participants felt the positive impact of a community that moved beyond past victim incidents to address current daily life and support each other, recognizing the group as a useful support base for the future. This experience was composed of ‘Balancing in the Drifting,’ and ‘Efforts to Establish a Survivor-Led Space.’
The findings demonstrate that the self-help group for sexual violence survivors is not merely a social gathering but a community formed based on the survivors’ deep desire for communication. By giving voice to their narratives of pain, they developed the strength to critique and respond to it as a social issue. Through this process, participants reconceptualized themselves not as passive victims but as active, autonomous agents. This signifies the group as a ‘Space of Empowerment,’ which ultimately extended into acts of survivor solidarity. Although difficulties arose through individual and collective crises and challenges, these were often transformed into opportunities to strengthen the capacity of the participants and the group. This suggests that participants recognize the self-help group as a sustainable support network that facilitates long-term recovery.