Purpose: Back-referral plays an important role in optimizing healthcare delivery and reducing outpatient congestion at tertiary hospitals. However, factors influencing patients’ acceptance of back-referral remain insufficiently understood in real cl...
Purpose: Back-referral plays an important role in optimizing healthcare delivery and reducing outpatient congestion at tertiary hospitals. However, factors influencing patients’ acceptance of back-referral remain insufficiently understood in real clinical settings. This study aimed to evaluate patient, clinical, and referral system–level determinants associated with acceptance of back-referral using large-scale EMR based real-world data.
Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted on 44,720 patients with back-referral consultations at a tertiary hospital in Seoul during 2023. Multiple logistic regression was used to identify independent predictors among patient, clinical, and referral network factors. The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) was applied to systematically examine these factors across outer setting, inner setting, and individual characteristics.
Results: Structural factors within the care coordination system were the most powerful facilitators of acceptance. Partial back-referral showed 2.959 times higher acceptance compared to full back-referral (p<0.001). Counselors with ≥24 months of experience were 2.863 times more likely to gain acceptance than those with <3 months (p<0.001). Furthermore, the presence of disease-specific networks increased acceptance by 1.849 times (p<0.001). In contrast, clinical complexity acted as a barrier; higher numbers of comorbid departments (aOR=0.933), emergency visits (aOR=0.918), and outpatient frequency (aOR=0.979) significantly decreased acceptance (p<0.05). Regarding patient factors, males, elderly patients, and Medical Aid beneficiaries showed lower acceptance rates.
Conclusion: Back-referral decisions are more strongly influenced by systemic facilitators than by sociodemographic characteristics. The CFIR-based analysis highlights that partial back-referral strategies, counselor expertise, and disease-specific networks are critical drivers for acceptance. To improve referral performance, hospitals should establish structured referral plans from the early stages of treatment and adopt flexible policy models like partial back-referral(shared care). These findings provide an empirical basis for developing predictive models and refining healthcare delivery policies.