Under the current Trump administration, trade policy uncertainty has taken center stage, often overshadowing trade policy itself. This paper develops a three-country (the U.S., China, and the rest of the world), two-sector (tradable and nontradable se...
Under the current Trump administration, trade policy uncertainty has taken center stage, often overshadowing trade policy itself. This paper develops a three-country (the U.S., China, and the rest of the world), two-sector (tradable and nontradable sector) dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) model with nominal rigidity in the tradable sector to analyze the economic effects of tariff policy uncertainty.
A tariff raises import prices and alters relative prices; uncertainty amplifies these effects by inducing precautionary pricing behavior among tradable firms. This leads to greater resource reallocation across sectors, stronger trade diversion among trading partners, and a larger improvement in the trade balance. Under U.S.-China tariff with uncertainty shocks, the rest of the world also experiences an economic downturn, co-moving with the business cycles of the other countries. By contrast, under a pure tariff uncertainty shock, the rest of the world temporarily expands.
The comparative experiments using two-country two-sector and three-country one-sector models highlight the importance of the third country and sectoral reallocation under a pure tariff uncertainty shock. The presence of a third trading partner prevents a prolonged depression for the shocked country’s imports. The sectoral reallocation channel partially offsets the contractionary effects of a tariff uncertainty shock.