Since the global financial crisis, the redistributive consequence of inflation has gained substantial attention. While income inequality has long been a focal point of debate, wealth inequality, critical for shaping economic opportunities and politica...
Since the global financial crisis, the redistributive consequence of inflation has gained substantial attention. While income inequality has long been a focal point of debate, wealth inequality, critical for shaping economic opportunities and political power, has been comparatively overlooked. Chapter 1 empirically investigates how inflation shapes wealth inequality, highlighting the role of financial development and related pathways. We focus on top wealth shares, as the recent surge in wealth inequality is largely driven by increasing concentration among a small elite. In a cross-country panel setting, we find that inflation exacerbates wealth inequality by increasing top wealth shares while reducing those of the bottom 50%. These effects are moderated by banking development but amplified by stock market development. Pathway analyses suggest that these impacts operate through entrepreneurship and asset prices. Financial reform policies aiming to promote banking development and broaden accessibility of stock markets can help mitigate the adverse effect of inflation on wealth inequality.
Rising income and wealth inequality since the 1990s have renewed interest in their causes and put trade openness at the forefront of the debate. However, controversy remains about how trade affects inequality. While income inequality has been the focal point of attention in political debate and academic research, wealth inequality has been much less explored. Given that wealth is even more concentrated in few hands and determines economic and political power, chapter 2 investigates whether it is excessive or insufficient trade openness that causes rising wealth inequality and associated mechanisms. In a panel of developed and developing countries over the period 1995-2022, it is found that trade openness reduces wealth inequality up to a threshold level, above which wealth inequality rises with further increases in trade openness. This evidence is particularly relevant for countries with lower income, limited capital, and fewer skills, and it also holds when trade occurs among similar countries. The pathway analysis further shows that the effect operates, in part, through technological innovations and skill upgrading.