Tunneling enables electrons and phonons to traverse thin potential barriers, offering a route to transport mechanisms that deviate from classical diffusive behavior. In this study, we engineered nanocomposite architecture in which both charge and heat...
Tunneling enables electrons and phonons to traverse thin potential barriers, offering a route to transport mechanisms that deviate from classical diffusive behavior. In this study, we engineered nanocomposite architecture in which both charge and heat carriers propagate across nanoscale gaps within absence of additional scattering, giving ballistic-like, strain-invariant transport response. This behavior is achieved through in-situ formation of silver nanosatellite particles (~3.6 nm), creating ultrashort tunneling barriers (~4.1 nm) within cross-linked silicone rubber matrix. The barrier height is independently tuned from 0.13 eV to ~0 eV by adjusting the crosslinker concentration (0-7 wt%), enabling orthogonal control over the tunneling width and height.
When both barrier parameters approach the quantum-limited regime, the nanocomposite exhibits exceptionally high electrical (24,390 Scm-1) and thermal conductivities (21.94 Wm-1K-1), which not only surpass those of non-crosslinked systems by several orders of magnitude but further increase under tensile strain up to ~20%. Analysis based on percolation theory, and Simmon’s tunneling model reveals three distinct transport regimes-diffusive, tunneling, and constant-conductance-where the latter reflects ballistic-like transport with negligible strain dependence. Importantly, this regime is accompanied by a remarkably strain-invariant temperature profile in foldable smart phone application, confirming that heat flow across nanoscale gap remains uninterrupted even when the material is deformed.
The ability to maintain constant thermal resistance and conductivity under mechanical strain demonstrates how nanoscale barrier engineering can fundamentally reshape heat and charge transport in soft materials. This framework provides a scalable design principle for next-generation stretchable conductors, deformation-insensitive heat spreaders, and reliable thermal management layers for wearable, soft-robotic, and foldable electronic systems.