Totally thoracoscopic ablation (TTA) has become an effective strategy for rhythm control in atrial fibrillation (AF), particularly in patients with drug-refractory or recurrent disease. However, recurrence remains frequent, and predictive factors for ...
Totally thoracoscopic ablation (TTA) has become an effective strategy for rhythm control in atrial fibrillation (AF), particularly in patients with drug-refractory or recurrent disease. However, recurrence remains frequent, and predictive factors for rhythm failure are not fully defined.
711 patients who underwent TTA between 2012 and 2024 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were grouped according to rhythm outcome. Multivariable logistic regression and generalized estimating equations (GEE) were performed to identify predictors of AF recurrence.
Among 711 patients (mean age 58.0 years, 11.1% female), 396 (55.7%) maintained sinus rhythm without further intervention, 152 (21.3%) required hybrid procedure or pacemaker, and 163 (22.9%) experienced refractory AF. Patients with AF recurrence had significantly larger left atrial diameters (49.4 mm vs. 45.3 mm, p<0.001) and higher LAVi (58.5 vs. 46.6 mL/m², p<0.001). Multivariable analysis identified longstanding persistent AF (OR 2.87, p=0.006), female sex (OR 2.12, p=0.015), DM (OR 1.75, p=0.050), and increased LAVi (OR 1.03 per mL/m², p<0.001) as independent predictors of recurrence. In the hybrid subgroup, DM and reduced LVEF were also significant predictors.
In this cohort, rhythm outcomes after totally thoracoscopic and hybrid ablation were driven more by atrial substrate and clinical burden. Left atrial volume index was the most consistent predictor of AF recurrence, highlighting its value as a surrogate of advanced atrial remodeling and timing of intervention. Female sex and diabetes mellitus conferred additional recurrence risk, while the limited efficacy of hybrid ablation in heavily remodeled atria underscores the importance of earlier referral and individualized, substrate-guided procedural planning.