Semiconductor devices are transitioning to 3D structures with shrinking critical dimensions to achieve high-speed electron transport and low energy consumption. Atomic layer etching (ALE) is suggested as an alternative to conventional etching such as ...
Semiconductor devices are transitioning to 3D structures with shrinking critical dimensions to achieve high-speed electron transport and low energy consumption. Atomic layer etching (ALE) is suggested as an alternative to conventional etching such as wet etching and reactive ion etching (RIE) due to atomic-level precision, excellent surface uniformity, and low surface roughness. This study focuses on the ALE process for precise and damage-free removal of TaN, Pd, and Ru. It comprehensively demonstrates the necessity of a mechanism-based, material-specific ALE approach.
Anisotropic ALE process for TaN was developed using surface fluorination using NF3 and CF4 plasmas and Ar plasma sputtering. A wider ALE process window (50-90 V) was observed with the NF3 plasma compared to the CF4 plasma (70-90 V). Etch per cycle (EPC) was determined to be 2.9 nm/cycle for NF3 plasma and 2.6 nm/cycle for CF4 plasma in the ALE window. Lowest fluorine and carbon residue was observed in the ALE process compared to the RIE process. A smoother surface was observed in the ALE process than in the RIE process.
Isotropic ALE for Pd was conducted using chlorination with a Cl2 plasma followed by NH3 ligand addition. The surface chlorination layer saturated at 16 Å after 30 s of Cl2 plasma chlorination at 150℃. The EPC was determined to be 11 or 16 Å/cycle at a substrate temperature of 150 to 200℃. Self-limiting behavior was confirmed after 30 s of Cl2 plasma exposure and NH3 ligand addition times, the etch rate saturated at 16.5 Å/cycle at a substrate temperature of 150℃. DFT calculations showed Pd(311) chlorination has a low reaction energy of -0.576 eV due to its low surface packing density and the volatile product was calculated as trans-Pd(NH3)Cl2.
Isotropic ALE for Ru was developed with oxidation using O2/Ar plasma and HCOOH chelation. The EPC was determined to be 3.5 Å/cycle at substrate temperature of 150 to 200℃. EPC was saturated at 3.5 Å/cycle after 60 s of chelation. Unlimited etch selectivity was achieved for major dielectrics such as SiO2, Si3N4, and HfO2, along with a high selectivity of 20 to 25 times for TiN and TaN. An isotropic etch profile was observed in a trench structure, and the average etch rate was 2.1±9 Å/cycle.