This study investigates Korean learners’ production and perception of prosodic cues for structural disambiguation at comma-induced boundaries across proficiency levels. Seventeen advanced and thirteen intermediate Korean learners of English, along w...
This study investigates Korean learners’ production and perception of prosodic cues for structural disambiguation at comma-induced boundaries across proficiency levels. Seventeen advanced and thirteen intermediate Korean learners of English, along with five native English speakers, completed a sentence reading task, a forced-choice comprehension task with prosodically manipulated stimuli, and a controlled shadowing task examining the effect of an auditory model on production. In production, all groups marked unambiguous sentences with greater preboundary lengthening and longer pauses than ambiguous sentences, while advanced learners showed a larger adjustment in preboundary lengthening across ambiguity conditions and intermediate learners produced longer pauses overall. Boundary tone production diverged from native patterns: native speakers preferred rising boundary tones at comma-induced boundaries, whereas both learner groups showed a more balanced distribution of tone types, and this non-native pattern persisted even under controlled shadowing task. In perception, prosodic manipulations significantly affected processing, with rising and neutral boundary tones and manipulated temporal cues facilitating comprehension. Crucially, proficiency did not interact with prosodic condition in reaction time or accuracy, indicating broadly similar cue integration across groups. Together, the results reveal a production–perception asymmetry in L2 prosodic competence. Continuous temporal cues show proficiency-related development and are susceptible to auditory priming, whereas categorical boundary tone patterns remain resistant to native-like production, consistent with L1-based constraints on L2 prosodic acquisition. Findings inform models of L2 phonological development and pedagogical approaches to suprasegmental training in prosodic boundary marking.