Anodeless all-solid-state batteries (ASSBs) have emerged as promising candidates for next-generation energy storage systems owing to their high safety and energy density. Nevertheless, unstable Li nucleation and severe interfacial decomposition betwee...
Anodeless all-solid-state batteries (ASSBs) have emerged as promising candidates for next-generation energy storage systems owing to their high safety and energy density. Nevertheless, unstable Li nucleation and severe interfacial decomposition between Li metal and sulfide solid electrolytes (SSEs) remain major barriers to their practical implementation.
Here, we propose a In–Bi eutectic alloy electrode that can spontaneously form a dual functional interface during lithiation, consisting of a Bi-based protective layer and an In-rich lithiophilic layer.
This electrode is directly fabricated on a Ni current collector through a simple melt–solidification process, eliminating the need for polymeric binders or toxic solvents such as PVDF and NMP used in conventional slurry-based fabrication.
Electrochemical analyses demonstrate a high initial Coulombic efficiency of 83.8% at 3.5 mAh cm⁻² in half-cell configuration and 81.8%, 71.4%, 62.9% capacity retention after 40, 80 and 120 cycles in full-cell operation with a high-loading NCM811 cathode (26.8 mg cm⁻²).
In-situ GEIS–DRT, GITT, and FIB–SEM analyses reveal the dynamic formation of a bilayer architecture, where the Bi-rich upper region acts as a barrier suppressing interfacial side reactions, while the In-rich sublayer promotes uniform Li deposition.
This study presents the first electrode design strategy utilizing a low-melting-point eutectic alloy, demonstrating that the combination of a solvent- and binder-free fabrication process with in-situ formation of functional layers during operation can simultaneously achieve interfacial stabilization, dendrite suppression, and long-term cycling durability in all-solid-state batteries.