Metal-oxide semiconductors (MOS) thin-film transistors (TFTs) have many advantages such as low off-current and high uniformity. Especially, solution-processed indium-gallium-zinc oxide (IGZO) TFTs are widely used because they do not require complex va...
Metal-oxide semiconductors (MOS) thin-film transistors (TFTs) have many advantages such as low off-current and high uniformity. Especially, solution-processed indium-gallium-zinc oxide (IGZO) TFTs are widely used because they do not require complex vacuum equipment. Electrical characteristics of IGZO TFTs depend on the IGZO composition ratio. The concentration of oxygen vacancies increases as the ratio of indium (In) increases. However, gallium (Ga) suppresses excess carrier concentration. Therefore, carrier concentration and mobility increase as the In ratio increases, and the Ga ratio decreases. Also, there is a trade-off relationship between mobility and stability. High concentration of oxygen vacancies improves mobility, but it deteriorates stress stability. In particular, concentration of oxygen vacancies in the back channel region is more relevant with stability. Thus, it is important to control the composition ratio of IGZO.
In this study, we investigated the effect of depth-dependent composition control in solution-processed IGZO TFTs. Conventional solution processes use only one solution to form the IGZO film. However, we used two different solutions. We spin coated the In+Zn and Ga+Zn solutions sequentially. We were able to form uniform films with a thickness of 10 nm. This approach created different composition ratios between the front channel region and back channel region. Therefore, there were different concentrations of oxygen vacancies. The IGZO film formed by first spin coating the In+Zn solution had high oxygen vacancy concentration in the front channel region, and low concentration in the back channel region. Also, X-ray reflectivity (XRR) measurements revealed that the films produced by the dual solution process exhibited a higher mass density compared to conventional single solution films. The reason for density increase is dual spin coating process. During the second spin coating, it penetrates to underlying layer and fill voids and pin holes thus reducing defects. There were significant differences in electrical characteristics between conventional IGZO TFTs and dual solution processed TFTs. The mobility increased from 0.57 to 0.83 cm2/V·s, and threshold voltage shift under positive bias stress (VG = 10 V, 500 s) was reduced from 9.02 to 5.15 V. These results demonstrate that engineering a depth-dependent composition gradient via dual solution processing is a promising strategy for enhancing bias stress stability without reducing mobility.