Three dimensional (3D) NAND Flash memory has achieved higher density by vertically stacking word lines (WLs). However, as the cell structure becomes more complex and the channel aspect ratio increases, maintaining data reliability has become increasin...
Three dimensional (3D) NAND Flash memory has achieved higher density by vertically stacking word lines (WLs). However, as the cell structure becomes more complex and the channel aspect ratio increases, maintaining data reliability has become increasingly challenging. In particular, during the body contact formation process, fluorine based wet etching can cause fluorine ions to diffuse through the grain boundaries of the spacer polycrystalline silicon (Spacer Poly-Si), leading to local defects or tunneling oxide degradation. Such fluorine induced defects form charge leakage paths, deteriorating long-term data retention and adversely affecting the reliability of Charge Trap Flash (CTF) memory devices.
In this study, the effect of spacer polysilicon thickness on tunneling oxide degradation and charge retention characteristics was analyzed using a TCAT based Vertical NAND (V-NAND) structure. The spacer thickness was adjusted by several angstroms around a reference condition, and the retention characteristics were evaluated under two conditions: (1) high temperature accelerated retention testing at 100 ℃ and (2) room temperature long-term retention testing after high program/erase cycling stress.
Under high temperature conditions, charge loss was governed by thermally activated mechanisms such as Thermionic Emission (TE) and Trap Assisted Tunneling (TAT). As the spacer thickness increased, charge loss was mitigated, which can be attributed to the suppression of fluorine diffusion and the reduction of defect density within the tunneling oxide, resulting in fewer leakage paths. At room temperature, where thermal activation is negligible, the dominant charge loss mechanism transitioned to Stress Induced Leakage Current (SILC), caused by electron transport through defect clusters formed by repeated program erase cycling. The thicker spacer condition exhibited reduced charge loss, which can be interpreted as an improvement in retention stability due to suppression of trap formation and interruption of defect mediated leakage paths. A comparison between the upper and lower WLs within the same string revealed that greater charge loss occurred in the lower WL region. This difference is attributed to nonuniform spacer thickness and step coverage variation during the vertical stacking process.
In conclusion, increasing the spacer polysilicon thickness effectively suppresses fluorine penetration into the tunneling oxide and mitigates charge loss, thereby improving both retention characteristics and WL uniformity. This study establishes a quantitative correlation between spacer thickness and charge loss suppression, providing a process level design guideline for enhancing the reliability of high stack 3D V-NAND Flash memory.