Beta-blockers are well established in the prevention of variceal bleeding; however, their potential roles beyond this indication remain a matter of debate. We investigated the association between beta-blocker therapy and clinical outcomes in liver cir...
Beta-blockers are well established in the prevention of variceal bleeding; however, their potential roles beyond this indication remain a matter of debate. We investigated the association between beta-blocker therapy and clinical outcomes in liver cirrhosis patients after hospitalization for cirrhotic complications excluding variceal bleeding.
Between 2013 and 2023, a total of 7,725 chronic viral hepatitis-related liver cirrhosis patients who were hospitalized for hepatic encephalopathy, hepatorenal syndrome, ascites and/or peritonitis and discharged with or without beta-blocker were enrolled from Korean National Health Insurance Service data. The primary outcome was all-cause death within 6 months. The secondary outcomes were hospitalization and liver-related events within 3 months. We emulated a target trial with two groups, beta-blocker users (n = 2,455) and beta-blocker non-users (n = 5,270).
Compared to beta-blocker non-users, those receiving beta-blocker therapy at discharge had lower risk of all-cause death within 6 months [cumulative incidence of mortality 11.0% vs. 7.8%; adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 0.82; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.68-0.97]. The lower risk of all-cause death associated with beta-blocker was observed across complication types and patient subgroups. When stratified according to beta-blocker dose, low-dose beta-blocker showed stronger association with all-cause death (HR 0.75, 95% CI 0.59-0.94) than moderate-to-high dose beta-blocker (HR 0.90, 95% CI 0.71-1.15). When stratified according to drug type, carvedilol showed stronger association with all-cause death (HR 0.55; 95% CI 0.32-0.94) compared to propranolol (HR 0.87; 95% CI 0.72-1.04). Beta-blocker use was also associated with lower risk of readmission within 3 months (HR 0.92; 95% CI 0.84-0.99).
Beta-blocker therapy, especially at low dose and carvedilol use, was associated with reduced mortality risk and readmission risk in cirrhotic patients who experienced cirrhotic complications.