Multilayer nanomembranes can be utilized in thermally harsh vacuum and high-temperature environments, such as infrared bolometer absorbers, extreme ultraviolet pellicles, and X-ray/electron transmission windows. Because their heat capacity is small an...
Multilayer nanomembranes can be utilized in thermally harsh vacuum and high-temperature environments, such as infrared bolometer absorbers, extreme ultraviolet pellicles, and X-ray/electron transmission windows. Because their heat capacity is small and conductive/convective cooling is limited, controlling mid-infrared (mid-IR) emissivity is critical for reliability. However, nanometer-scale metallic films used as emission layers exhibit nonlinear thickness-dependent optical constants, making intentional design difficult; moreover, consistently obtaining thickness-dependent optical constants is not yet established, and measuring them over all required thicknesses is impractical. Accordingly, this dissertation establishes and experimentally validates an integrated framework to quantitatively predict emissivity and directly enable design of multilayer nanomembranes employing ultrathin Ru and Mo as emission layers.
The framework comprises four steps: (i) fabrication of freestanding nanomembranes and mid-IR optical characterization, (ii) extraction of thickness-dependent optical constants of ultrathin metal single layers using the Drude-Lorentz oscillator model, (iii) expansion to a continuous thickness domain using a physics-regularized neural network with Kramers-Kronig constraints, and (iv) transfer-matrix-method simulations of multilayer stacks followed by verification against measurements from fabricated samples. This procedure reconstructs refractive index and extinction coefficient distributions on the wavenumber-thickness plane and enables their direct use as design inputs.
Unlike prior work focused on interference engineering or simple impedance-matching rules, this dissertation quantitatively shows that emissivity can vary substantially even at fixed total metal thickness: for Ru/SiN stacks, emissivity differs by up to 10% depending on thickness partitioning despite identical total Ru thickness. Design directions are further presented to maintain high emissivity (≈0.4) and enhance emissivity without reducing overall membrane thickness, thereby preserving mechanical robustness. Overall, in the mid-IR nanometer-scale regime considered here, emissivity enhancement is governed not solely by idealized interference-based absorption mechanisms but by the thickness-dependent optical constants that set the sensitivity to multilayer design variables; the proposed framework provides a new integrated route for designing the thermal-radiative properties of multilayer metallic nanomembranes.