Two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) possess immense potential as next-generation semiconductor channels, featuring layer-tunable bandgaps for material design and atomically thin bodies that maximize gate control to suppress le...
Two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) possess immense potential as next-generation semiconductor channels, featuring layer-tunable bandgaps for material design and atomically thin bodies that maximize gate control to suppress leakage currents even at extreme scaling.
However, this potential has not been realized due to issues of lattice damage, contamination, and defects arising from the application of conventional 3D semiconductor processes, which has become a major obstacle to 2D device commercialization. This dissertation sought to solve the three key challenges of 2D TMD processing (etching damage, doping instability, and transfer contamination) through atomic-scale process control.
First, a 'Chemical Atomic Layer Etching (ALE)' process was developed that fundamentally eliminates ion-induced damage. By using only the chemical reactions of radicals (O/Cl) from a remote plasma and an organic vapor (formic acid), this work demonstrated the precise, damage-free etching of PdSe₂, one monolayer per cycle.
Second, a 'Defect and Phase Engineering' platform was established by precisely controlling an Ar+ ion beam. By controlling the ion dose, this platform enables n-type doping via the controlled formation of sulfur vacancies and, furthermore, induces a 2H (semiconducting) to 1T (metallic) phase transition, establishing a technology for forming low-resistance contacts.
Third, a 'Vacuum-Chuck-Assisted Residue-Free Transfer' technique was developed to solve the polymer residue problem of conventional PMMA transfer. TEM analysis confirmed the realization of atomically clean interfaces, which led to ideal electrical characteristics that scaled linearly with the number of stacked layers.
Finally, the integration of these processes was verified through key applications. The true isotropic nature of the ALE process was confirmed by applying it to suspended structures fabricated using the residue-free transfer technique. Furthermore, by combining transfer and etching processes, high-performance, high-density 'Edge-Contact Homo-heterojunction' devices were successfully fabricated, mitigating the chronic issue of high contact resistance.
This study comprehensively presents the core foundational technologies for the practical application of 2D semiconductor devices.