Recent studies have reported a global increase in the prevalence of depression, which has been shown to negatively affect other diseases. Under persistent stress, metabolic adaptation known as allostasis are activated to maintain physiological stabili...
Recent studies have reported a global increase in the prevalence of depression, which has been shown to negatively affect other diseases. Under persistent stress, metabolic adaptation known as allostasis are activated to maintain physiological stability. However, when stress is prolonged, the metabolic state may shift toward a disease-prone condition referred to as allostatic overload. Although the allostatic load index (ALI) has been widely used in clinical studies to evaluate allostatic load, existing approaches rely primarily on clinical parameters and therefore fail to adequately reflect metabolic changes and remain difficult to apply in preclinical models. Most preclinical studies have focused on combining stress and tumor models or evaluating the anticancer effects of antidepressants, while applications of ALI in animal research remain extremely limited. The primary objective of this study was to establish a preclinical ALI evaluation framework and to elucidate the pathological association between this index and tumor progression. Male mice were exposed to chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) for five weeks, with fluoxetine administered during the final four weeks of the stress period. Following the stress protocol, depression-like behaviors were assessed, and blood samples were collected for analysis. Subsequently, B16F10 melanoma cells were subcutaneously inoculated. To characterize metabolic changes, biochemical assays and targeted metabolomic profiling via LC-MS/MS were performed. CUMS exposure elicited marked depression-like phenotypes and systemic metabolic dysregulation, both of which were effectively mitigated by fluoxetine intervention. To quantify this physiological strain, a random forest-based ALI model was developed by integrating behavioral, biochemical, and metabolomic parameters into a single predictive framework. The ALI values were significantly exacerbated in the chronic stress group but underwent a notable reduction following pharmacological treatment with fluoxetine. Ultimately, this study demonstrates that the stress-induced elevation in ALI accelerates tumor growth and maintains a robust positive correlation with tumor size. The proposed ALI model provides a foundational framework for assessing disease risk and predicting therapeutic responses in the field of stress-related pathologies and oncology.