The increasing power densities and integration levels of modern semiconductor devices demand thermal management materials that combine high thermal conductivity, mechanical reliability, and application-specific anisotropy. Polymer composites filled wi...
The increasing power densities and integration levels of modern semiconductor devices demand thermal management materials that combine high thermal conductivity, mechanical reliability, and application-specific anisotropy. Polymer composites filled with ceramic particles play a central role in thermal interface materials, underfills, and flexible substrates; however, their performance critically depends on filler morphology, porosity, and microstructural organization rather than intrinsic material properties alone. This thesis integrates two complementary filler-engineering strategies to establish a morphology-driven design framework for next-generation thermal composites. First, precursor-assisted synthesis using ammonium borate hydrate (ABH) and boehmite was employed to produce densified spherical hBN fillers. Structural analysis and finite-element modeling showed that controlled porosity and enhanced interparticle necking improved through-plane thermal conductivity while simultaneously reducing effective dielectric permittivity—key requirements for advanced underfill applications. Second, electrospun PAN/boehmite fibers were thermally converted into carbon fiber/aluminum nitride (CF/AlN) composite fibers and embedded in PDMS matrices to create flexible anisotropic heat-spreading films. These films exhibited a 37-fold increase in in-plane thermal conductivity compared with pristine PDMS, enabling a 1.4× enhancement in temperature gradient and ~1.85× higher power output in flexible thermoelectric generators (FTEGs). Modeling further confirmed the strong dependence of heat transfer on fiber aspect ratio, diameter, and alignment. Overall, this work demonstrates that filler geometry, interfacial architecture, and microstructural control are decisive factors governing heat transport in polymer composites. By combining precursor chemistry, fiber engineering, and multiphysics simulation, the thesis provides a unified materials design strategy for thermal composites used in semiconductor packaging and flexible energy-harvesting systems.