As photovoltaic systems pursue higher efficiency, III–V/Si tandem solar cells offer a route beyond the single junction limit by combining the superior optoelectronic quality of III–V absorbers with the scalability of silicon. This thesis evaluates...
As photovoltaic systems pursue higher efficiency, III–V/Si tandem solar cells offer a route beyond the single junction limit by combining the superior optoelectronic quality of III–V absorbers with the scalability of silicon. This thesis evaluates a back to back series tandem in which a commercial GaInP2/InGaAs/Ge triple junction III–V cell and a bifacial heterojunction silicon (HJT) cell are optically independent yet electrically connected in series. Because the subcells are illuminated from opposite sides, the stack remains optically decoupled and current matching is achieved by tuning rear irradiance: the III–V cell retains a full metal rear contact, while the HJT cell harvests rear side albedo illumination for current matching, avoiding tunnel junctions, intermediate optics, and 4 terminal wiring. Transparent conductive adhesive (TCA) based mechanical stacking and surface planarization are investigated to reduce interconnection losses and improve optical alignment and repeatability. To assess manufacturable pathways for next generation tandems, an inverted metamorphic (IMM) III–V wafer is processed via selective substrate etching, demonstrating feasibility for epitaxial lift off (ELO) and substrate reuse.
Under dual side illumination (1 Sun front / 0.3 Sun rear), the fabricated tandem device delivers Voc = 3.41 V, Jsc = 12.54 mA/cm², FF = 82.26%, and total efficiency η = 35.18%, exceeding the standalone III–V (29.25%) and HJT (21.52%) cells. This verifies albedo assisted current matching as an effective mitigation of series mismatch losses in III–V/Si tandems. To connect device performance to application value, the validated efficiencies are used as direct inputs for PVsyst based building integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) simulations spanning rooftop, tracking, and vertical façade cases. The system level results show that the preferred technology depends on the design objective: dual axis tracking maximizes total annual yield in unconstrained area (1563.1 MWh), whereas for space limited BIPV the tandem increases energy yield density by 64.7% (0.402 MWh m⁻² yr⁻¹) relative to a bifacial HJT reference, supporting zero energy building targets in dense urban environments. For aesthetics driven façades, bifacial operation remains essential, providing yield gains up to 58.0% on non south facing orientations. Overall, this device to system study validates an albedo matched, series connected III–V/Si architecture and outlines process routes toward scalable high efficiency tandem modules.