As demand for 3D depth sensing technology increases in applications such as autonomous driving, distributing a low skew clock across the entire pixel array of a flash LiDAR sensor is a key challenge. This thesis proposes a clock distribution circuit u...
As demand for 3D depth sensing technology increases in applications such as autonomous driving, distributing a low skew clock across the entire pixel array of a flash LiDAR sensor is a key challenge. This thesis proposes a clock distribution circuit utilizing a 20x23 2D local oscillator array and a Phase Locked Loop (PLL). Rather than distributing the input clock signal, each pixel directly references the oscillator output for timing. A PLL, which uses a 25 MHz reference clock and generates an 800 MHz clock, controls one oscillator in the array. All oscillators in the array share the same control voltage, minimizing initial frequency error. Coupling between adjacent oscillators is implemented through transmission gates that function as switchable resistors. By gradually increasing the coupling strength, the circuit maintains stable oscillation while achieving strong coupling. Simulations were conducted assuming a voltage drop of up to 10% near the center of the oscillator array. Simulations confirmed that all oscillators achieve stable frequency and phase locking at 800 MHz. The final clock skew measured across the en-tire array was 84.5 ps (0.27 LSB). Furthermore, an analytical model is developed to predict statistical skew with 99.7% confidence under PVT variations, providing design guidelines for efficiently determining key parameters, such as the coupling strength, required to meet target performance.