Hyponatremia is a frequent and clinically important adverse event linked to antidepressant therapy. Determining which antidepressant class carries the lowest risk may help enhance medication safety in patients with depression.
We analyzed electronic m...
Hyponatremia is a frequent and clinically important adverse event linked to antidepressant therapy. Determining which antidepressant class carries the lowest risk may help enhance medication safety in patients with depression.
We analyzed electronic medical records from 15 hospitals converted to the Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership Common Data Model (2003–2023). Adults with depression who newly started an antidepressant—selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), or other agents (agomelatine, bupropion, mirtazapine, moclobemide, trazodone)—and continued treatment for ≥30 days were included. The index date was the first prescription, and four mutually exclusive cohorts were defined by the class initiated at index. Each class cohort was contrasted against all remaining antidepressants combined. Incident hyponatremia (serum sodium <135 mmol/L) occurring within 180 days after initiation was the primary outcome. After propensity score stratification, Cox proportional hazards models estimated hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and site-specific estimates were pooled using fixed-effect meta-analysis.
Among 42,036 patients, 17,895 (42.6%) initiated SSRIs, 7,395 (17.6%) SNRIs, 5,424 (12.9%) TCAs, and 11,322 (26.9%) other antidepressants. SSRI initiation was associated with an elevated risk of hyponatremia within 180 days compared with all other classes (HR 1.18, 95% CI 1.01–1.38), with a stronger association in patients aged ≥60 years (HR 1.29, 95% CI 1.06–1.57). In contrast, no statistically significant increase in risk was observed for SNRIs (HR 1.05, 95% CI 0.87–1.27), TCAs (HR 1.03, 95% CI 0.84–1.26), or other antidepressants (HR 0.90, 95% CI 0.77–1.06).
These findings indicate that serum sodium should be monitored carefully after SSRI initiation, particularly in older adults.