Background: Beyond gastrointestinal dysfunction, emerging evidence suggests that individuals with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) demonstrate an elevated risk of developing psychiatric disorders, including depression and anxiety. However, little rese...
Background: Beyond gastrointestinal dysfunction, emerging evidence suggests that individuals with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) demonstrate an elevated risk of developing psychiatric disorders, including depression and anxiety. However, little research has examined the potential beneficial effects of approved IBD treatments on these mental health conditions.
Objective: This study aimed to investigate whether 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA), which is primarily indicated for the treatment of IBD, can alleviate depression or anxiety through nonclinical studies and pharmacoepidemiologic studies using a nested case-control approach.
Methods: To reproduce the features of IBD, we utilized a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mouse model. The open field and tail suspension tests assessed whether 5-ASA alleviated colitis-related depression and anxiety. Serotonin levels, microglia and astrocyte morphology, and blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity (endothelium and tight junction proteins) were evaluated. In pharmacoepidemiologic analyses, IBD patients receiving 5-ASA were identified from Korea’s National Health Insurance Service database (2013–2023). Cases were patients newly diagnosed with depression or anxiety, matched with up to four controls by sex, age, follow-up, and cohort entry. Conditional logistic regression estimated adjusted odds ratios (aORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
Results: In the nonclinical study, treatment with 5-ASA resulted in improvements in DSS-induced weight loss, colon length shortening, neuroinflammation, and BBB damage, with a concomitant amelioration of depression and anxiety levels. Among the 91,538 patients diagnosed with IBD in the study cohort, 9,564 cases and 21,742 controls were available for the pharmacoepidemiologic study. No significant association was observed between 5-ASA treatment and a reduced risk of depression or anxiety in IBD patients compared with controls (aOR 1.02, 95% CI 0.93–1.12).
Conclusion: Contrary to beneficial effects observed in nonclinical studies, the population-based nested case-control study found no association between 5-ASA use and a lower risk of depression and anxiety in patients with IBD. These findings underscore the need for integrated nonclinical and pharmacoepidemiologic research to identify new targets or develop therapies that more effectively address depression and anxiety in IBD.