As the demand for electric vehicles (EVs) and battery recycling continues to rise, the amount of defective and off-grade materials generated during battery manufacturing is also expected to increase. This study focuses on producing high-purity lithium...
As the demand for electric vehicles (EVs) and battery recycling continues to rise, the amount of defective and off-grade materials generated during battery manufacturing is also expected to increase. This study focuses on producing high-purity lithium hydroxide monohydrate (LiOH·H2O) from off-spec cathode materials by removing impurities such as Co, Al, alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, and lithium carbonate.
Waste cathode materials were reduced in a horizontal hydrogen furnace by supplying three times the required amount of H2 relative to Li2O at 900°C for 3 hours,followed by water leaching, resulting in a lithium recovery of 95.2%.
To remove cobalt from the leachate, Stabcal simulations were conducted, showing that Co precipitates in the pH range of 9–12. When the lithium concentration was 12 g/kg, the pH reached 12.14, which was controlled by adjusting the volume of leach water used in the process.
Stabcal simulations also indicated that residual aluminum exists as an anionic species under alkaline conditions. Therefore, Al removal was performed using an Al-selective anion exchange resin at 50°C, lowering the Al concentration to below 1 ppm.
The purified lithium solution was then subjected to two stages of evaporation and crystallization at 80°C, followed by re-dissolution at 90°C to further reduce alkali, alkaline earth metal, and lithium carbonate impurities. The final product, lithium hydroxide monohydrate (LiOH·H2O), achieved a purity of 99.9%, making it suitable as a raw material for secondary battery production.