The electrochemical nitrate reduction reaction (NO3RR) has attracted increasing attention as a promising approach to mitigate nitrate contamination while recovering ammonia as a valuable nitrogen resource. However, practical application remains challe...
The electrochemical nitrate reduction reaction (NO3RR) has attracted increasing attention as a promising approach to mitigate nitrate contamination while recovering ammonia as a valuable nitrogen resource. However, practical application remains challenging because conventional electrodes often exhibit trade-offs among selectivity, activity, and long-term stability. In this study, a Ti-supported spinel ZnCo2O4 electrode was fabricated by electrodeposition followed by calcination, and the effects of electrode composition and operating parameters on NO3RR performance were systematically investigated. The electrode with a Zn:Co ratio of 2:6 achieved the highest ammonia selectivity along with the lowest charge-transfer resistance. Under the optimized conditions, the NO3--N removal efficiency reached 94%, the ammonia generation efficiency was 87%, the Faradaic efficiency (FE) was 80%, and the ammonia yield rate was 0.93 mmol·h-1·mg-1. In chloride-containing electrolytes, ammonia generation efficiency decreased due to the formation of active chlorine species. Increasing current density enhanced the ammonia yield rate, but a concurrent decrease in selectivity was observed. Overall, these results provide practical evidence for catalyst design and operating guidelines for Ti-supported spinel ZnCo2O4 electrodes, thereby supporting the improved applicability of NO3RR.