With the recent expansion of electric vehicles, the lithium-ion secondary battery market is experiencing rapid growth. Consequently, emissions from used batteries are also increasing. This is not a simple problem; it has implications for environmental...
With the recent expansion of electric vehicles, the lithium-ion secondary battery market is experiencing rapid growth. Consequently, emissions from used batteries are also increasing. This is not a simple problem; it has implications for environmental and industrial issues. To ensure sustainable use of batteries, it is essential to establish a diagnostic system that can accurately assess their residual value and efficiently categorize them for reuse or recycling.
This study aims to analyze degradation data from lithium-ion secondary batteries to quantitatively assess their internal condition and, based on this analysis, provide objective criteria for determining reuse and recycling. To this end, we analyzed changes in electrochemical properties using publicly available datasets (B0005, B0006, B0007, B0018) provided by the NASA Ames Prognostics Data Repository. Key analysis indicators included charge/discharge voltage-time profiles, capacity decay trends, and Nyquist plots obtained through electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Each battery exhibited different degradation patterns as the charge/discharge cycle progressed. The analysis results showed that the B0005 cell exhibited a typical and stable degradation pattern, while the B0006 cell exhibited chemical end-of-life symptoms due to a decrease in the interfacial reaction.
The B0007 cell exhibited the most severe degradation, and the B0018 cell exhibited a stable degradation pattern. Notably, the correlation coefficient between the change in electrolyte resistance (ΔRs) and the rate of capacity decline was –0.91, confirming a close relationship between increased internal resistance and capacity decline. Furthermore, the change in charge transfer resistance (ΔRct) was closely related to the decrease in interfacial reaction rate.
Based on these analysis results, a new diagnostic criterion was proposed, classifying the degradation process into three stages based on the relative change in resistance compared to the initial state.
The case of (ΔRs ≥ 60%) or (|ΔRct| ≥ 25%) is suggested as the recycling stage, the case of (30% ≤ ΔRs < 60%) or (15% ≤ |ΔRct| < 25%) is the intermediate deterioration stage, and the case of (ΔRs < 30%) and (|ΔRct| < 15%) is suggested as the reusable stage.