This study conceptualizes Uijeongbu and Dongducheon as ‘U.S. military camptown cities’. It examines how camptowns (gijichon), as the foundation of urban formation, continue to shape contemporary urban space through the politics of place. Rather th...
This study conceptualizes Uijeongbu and Dongducheon as ‘U.S. military camptown cities’. It examines how camptowns (gijichon), as the foundation of urban formation, continue to shape contemporary urban space through the politics of place. Rather than treating camptowns as peripheral, the study argues that they have been constitutive of urban economic structures, spatial configurations, and urban identities.
Methodologically, the study employs a qualitative multi-method design, combining media discourse analysis, policy document analysis, semi-structured interviews, and field observations. This approach enables an integrated examination of how discursive formations are translated into concrete spatial practices, allowing for a multilayered analysis of the politics of place.
Uijeongbu and Dongducheon serve as prototypical examples of camptown cities that experienced rapid postwar urban growth centered on the camptowns formed around U.S. military bases. These camptowns have been predominantly perceived as spaces associated with prostitution and military crime, contributing to persistently negative urban images. Media representations reinforce these dynamics by primarily portraying both cities as camptown cities, thereby intensifying internal and external pressures to transform their urban images.
Policy discourse analysis shows that narratives of sacrifice for national security are leveraged to justify demands for compensation, especially around the development of returned U.S. military lands. Uijeongbu frames development as the recovery of constrained urban growth, whereas Dongducheon emphasizes measurable economic losses and explicitly contrasts its situation with Pyeongtaek to assert stronger claims of state responsibility. Despite a shared goal of urban rebranding, the two cities adopted divergent approaches. Uijeongbu emphasized cultural policy interventions, whereas Dongducheon focused on infrastructural redevelopment.
The politics of place in the two cities exhibit contrasting modes. In Uijeongbu, politics of place are primarily articulated through naming practices and narrative reconstruction. The city has pursued a brand identity as ‘City of the King’ by reinterpreting the origin of its toponym within Joseon Dynasty history and repositioning narratives centered on King Taejo (Yi Seong-gye) as the cornerstone of its urban identity.
Attempts to rename budae jjigae (army base stew) as myeongmul jjigae (specialty stew) or Uijeongbu jjigae further demonstrate efforts to overwrite or reposition camptown-related meanings. These efforts rely on symbolic and cultural strategies, including festivals and promotional activities that rewrite urban narratives.
In contrast, Dongducheon's politics of place are centered on physical landscapes and material traces. The conflict surrounding the venereal disease control center exposed sharp tensions between demolition and preservation, memory and erasure, grounded in the shared premise that memory is inscribed in place.
Municipal authorities pursued demolition as the building both obstructed development and functioned as a site sustaining camptown-related memory. Conversely, Dongyang University's Dongducheon Campus retained original U.S. military base structures, diluting camptown associations through renaming, functional conversion, and transformed everyday practices, demonstrating how such camptown memories can be recontextualized rather than eliminated.
This research makes three scholarly contributions. First, it addresses research imbalances by examining Uijeongbu and Dongducheon, which have received significantly less scholarly attention compared to other U.S. military base cities such as Paju, particularly regarding recent urban transformations. Second, it expands the analytical scope of camptown studies by reconceptualizing camptowns not as urban peripheries but as essential elements constituting urban formation and identity, thereby elevating analysis to the city-wide scale through the ‘camptown city’ framework. Third, it empirically documents diverse strategies for managing uncomfortable place memories—the demolition of physical landscapes, landscape retention with semantic weakening, and cultural decontextualization—demonstrating that the politics of place operates through diverse mechanisms—such as naming, narrative restructuring, and physical reuse—thereby moving beyond the simplistic binary of preservation versus demolition.
Keywords : camptown(gijichon) cities, politics of place, U.S. Forces Korea(USFK), Uijeongbu, Dongducheon