The purpose of this study is to systematically examine how the characteristics of packaging design that incorporate mythological elements influence brand equity and brand preference, with a particular focus on Chinese cosmetics brands. As competition ...
The purpose of this study is to systematically examine how the characteristics of packaging design that incorporate mythological elements influence brand equity and brand preference, with a particular focus on Chinese cosmetics brands. As competition in the global color cosmetics market intensifies and functional attributes and formulations become increasingly homogenized, packaging has emerged as a critical interface for brand differentiation and value communication. In the Chinese market, the rapid spread of myth-themed color cosmetics has been driven by the rise of the Guochao (national trend) discourse and growing cultural confidence. However, at the practical level, structural problems such as excessive symbol overlap, ambiguous meaning attribution, and instability in series styling frequently occur. At the academic level, integrated models and empirical evidence addressing the intersection of mythological elements and packaging design remain relatively limited. Accordingly, this study poses the central research question of how mythological elements can be effectively employed in color cosmetics packaging to strengthen brand equity and enhance brand preference.
At the conceptual level, this study adopts four visual elements—imagery, typography, color, and layout—as common observational units and clearly defines a five-dimensional structure of packaging design characteristics incorporating mythological elements. These dimensions are aesthetics, culturality, narrativity, mystique, and symbolism. Aesthetics emphasizes pleasure and perceived premium quality derived from form, proportion, visual order, and craftsmanship. Culturality focuses on making cultural origins traceable through local motifs and an ‘evidence chain of provenance.’ Narrativity highlights micro-narrative structures composed of roles, scenes, and actions, as well as staged exposure throughout the usage process. Mystique refers to expressions that evoke feelings of incomprehensibility, awe, and transcendence and that construct rhythms of concealment and revelation. Symbolism denotes a dimension that seeks a stable one-to-one mapping between visual cues and abstract meanings. To enhance measurement consistency and discriminant validity among dimensions, this study adopts ‘mystique’ rather than ‘sacredness’ as a conceptual construct and proposes a cultural transfer chain linking source explanation, unified tone, and evidentiary materials, as well as a narrative operation framework based on ‘one role, one scene, and one action,’ thereby minimizing conceptual overlap and indicator redundancy.
In terms of model construction, brand equity is subdivided into three dimensions—brand awareness, brand image, and perceived quality—while brand preference is set as the dependent variable. Based on this structure, an overall causal pathway of ‘packaging design characteristics → brand equity → brand preference’ is established, and the relative stability of direct and indirect effects is examined. The research design adopts a three-track approach comprising literature review, case analysis, and empirical verification. First, relevant domestic and international theories and empirical studies are systematically reviewed to clarify conceptual boundaries and derive path hypotheses. Second, ten representative color cosmetics brands actively utilizing mythological elements between 2020 and 2025 are selected. The Chinese local brands include Carslan (卡姿兰), Mao Geping (毛戈平), Florasis (花西子), Judydoll (橘朵), and Pechoin (百雀羚), while the international brands include Estée Lauder, Lancôme, Chanel, Dior, and Sulwhasoo. Packaging designs from these brands are comparatively analyzed using image, typography, color, and layout as common criteria, with evidence-based evaluation across the five dimensions. Third, a survey is conducted and path analysis is performed to verify the consistency between theoretical assumptions and case analysis results.
The main findings can be summarized in four points. First, the overall model is largely supported. Aesthetics, culturality, mystique, and symbolism exert significant positive effects on all three dimensions of brand equity, whereas narrativity significantly enhances brand awareness and brand image but does not show a statistically significant effect on perceived quality. This indicates that, in low- to medium-involvement color cosmetics contexts, factors such as formal order, cultural provenance, transcendental affect, and semantic consistency more directly shape perceptions of quality, image, and identifiability, while narrativity primarily reinforces cognitive continuity and meaning construction. Although narrative cues can attract attention and improve memory, perceived quality relies more heavily on objective cues such as materials, finishing, durability, and craftsmanship, limiting the effect of storytelling alone. Therefore, a staged approach is required, in which materiality is first secured through refined design and production, followed by concise narrative reinforcement. Second, with respect to brand preference, all five dimensions show overall positive effects. Aesthetics has the strongest influence, followed by culturality and mystique, while narrativity and symbolism exert relatively weaker effects. Within the ‘brand equity → brand preference’ pathway, brand image contributes the most, followed by perceived quality and brand awareness, suggesting that mediation chains leading from image to preference are comparatively more stable. Third, comparative analysis reveals that international samples demonstrate greater stability in proportion and grid discipline, optical and informational hierarchy, and neutralized cultural and symbolic treatment, as well as a more mature ability to introduce micro-narratives by designing usage actions—such as opening and insert extraction—as narrative nodes. However, they tend to be more conservative in terms of innovation scope and inter-series differentiation. Chinese samples exhibit greater vitality in material creativity and craftsmanship layering, but frequently suffer from excessive information density, insufficient mutual verification between image and text, blurred boundaries among dimensions, and a homogenization tendency in mystique expression toward ‘gold plus radial motifs.’ Fourth, based on cross-validation between case analysis and empirical results, this study proposes a ‘base-layer–extension-layer’ configuration strategy. Aesthetics and symbolism form the base layer to establish visual order and semantic consistency, while culturality, narrativity, and mystique are deployed as extension layers in a staged manner according to target consumers and price tiers. Consistent maintenance of brush style, geometric motifs, and layout rules at the series level is shown to facilitate more stable accumulation of brand equity and enhancement of brand preference.
The academic contributions of this study are threefold. First, by proposing dimension boundary rules and a method based on four visual elements, it reduces the risk of overlap among easily confounded dimensions—particularly culturality versus symbolism and narrativity versus mystique—and provides reproducible methodological units for interdisciplinary research bridging design studies and branding. Second, through empirical analysis, it differentiates the structural effects of the five dimensions on brand equity and brand preference and verifies the general tendency that indirect paths are more stable, whereas direct paths are more sensitive to contextual variables. Third, by introducing two mid-level practical frameworks—the cultural transfer chain and micro-narrative nodes—it enables symbols, stories, and experiences to form a closed structure within packaging as a micro-medium, offering a structured reference axis for future cross-category and cross-cultural comparative studies.
The practical implications focus on aligning execution tools at the design-unit level with management processes. First, objectives should be decomposed based on the three dimensions of brand equity. To enhance brand awareness, consistency in proportion, grid, and color order should be prioritized. To shape and deepen brand image, clear symbolism should be established through traceable origins, unified tone, and continuous narrative construction. To improve perceived quality, hierarchical control of materials and surface processes, restrained gloss, and effective use of negative space are essential to support a sense of premium value. Second, a meaning-concentration mechanism based on primary and secondary symbols should be constructed, using concise textual elements to form a closed loop of ‘image–meaning–evidence’ and prevent interpretive disjunctions. Third, usage actions such as opening, insert extraction, and flap unfolding should be designed as narrative nodes, combined with rhythms of concealment and revelation and gradual layering of light–dark contrast and materiality, while suppressing visual noise caused by excessive process stacking. Fourth, in managing homogenization and sensitivity risks, designers should avoid simplifying mystique into templates dominated by large gold areas and radial patterns and should prioritize relatively neutral expressions—such as ornamental abstraction or celestial metaphors—over direct appropriation of religious core symbols. Consistent maintenance of brushwork and compositional principles across channels is crucial for series management. Fifth, by employing imagery, typography, color, and layout as checklist criteria to evaluate the five dimensions, conducting readability and cross-cultural comprehension tests with small samples, and performing pre-launch reviews of provenance evidence and legal compliance, design outcomes can be more reliably accumulated into brand equity and ultimately translated into enhanced brand preference.
In conclusion, this study verifies effective pathways through which mythological elements operate in color cosmetics packaging by proposing an integrated model linking packaging design characteristics, brand equity, and brand preference, supported by multi-source evidence. It offers a clearly bounded and replicable analytical framework as well as practical operational guidelines, thereby extending theory at the intersection of design and branding and providing actionable references for product development and visual communication strategies in the color cosmetics industry.