부모의 사회인구학적 및 건강 요인과 청소년 비만의 연관성: 부모-자녀 자료 분석 = Parental Sociodemographic and Health Factors Associated with Adolescent Obesity: Analysis of Paired Parent-Offspring Data

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Background: The prevalence of adolescent obesity in Korea has nearly doubled over the past decade, emerging as a major public health concern. Because few Korean studies have comprehensively examined how diverse parental characteristics relate to adolescent obesity, this study aimed to investigate these associations using nationally representative data and to compare maternal and paternal patterns. Methods: Data were obtained from 3157 adolescents aged 10–18 years and their parents who participated in the 2014–2021 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Parental characteristics were evaluated across four domains: sociodemographic, lifestyle, metabolic, and dietary. Adolescent obesity was defined as a body mass index (BMI) at or above the sex- and age-specific 95th percentile or ≥25 kg/m². Weighted logistic regression analyses were performed to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for offspring obesity according to parental factors. Results: The weighted prevalence of adolescent obesity was 16.1%. Maternal, but not paternal, occupational class was significantly associated with offspring obesity, with higher odds observed in pink- and blue-collar occupations compared with unemployment (OR 1.59, 95% CI 1.06–2.38 and OR 1.94, 95% CI 1.27–2.99, respectively). Higher parental education was inversely associated with offspring obesity (maternal OR 0.63, 95% CI 0.48–0.82; paternal OR 0.66, 95% CI 0.50–0.87). Mild-to-moderate paternal alcohol intake (OR 0.58, 95% CI 0.39–0.87) and parental sleep duration of 6–8 h/day were also associated with lower odds (maternal OR 0.61, 95% CI 0.41–0.90; paternal OR 0.66, 95% CI 0.45–0.97). Parental obesity was strongly associated with greater odds of offspring obesity (maternal OR 3.36, 95% CI 2.53–4.46; paternal OR 2.03, 95% CI 1.54–2.68), as were parental diabetes and hypertension. Paternal hypercholesterolemia was also significantly associated. Among dietary factors, maternal breakfast skipping was associated with higher odds of offspring obesity, both for rarely (OR 1.51, 95% CI 1.02– 2.24) and 1–2 days/week (OR 1.80, 95% CI 1.20–2.69) compared with 5–7 days/week. Higher dietary scores for total fruit intake in both parents were associated with lower odds (maternal OR 0.73, 95% CI 0.55–0.99; paternal OR 0.69, 95% CI 0.52–0.91). Conclusions: This analysis based on a nationally representative database identified diverse and differential parental correlates of adolescent obesity in Korea. The findings highlight the need for family-centered prevention strategies that integrate parental health management and household-level interventions. Keywords: adolescent obesity; parental factors; Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Abstract i
• List of tables v
• List of figures vi
• Introduction 1
• - Global and national epidemiologic trends of adolescent obesity 1
• - Multisystem health consequences of adolescent obesity 2
• - Role of parents in adolescent obesity 4
• - Gaps in the Korean evidence base 4
• - Study objectives 5
• Methods 7
• - Data source 7
• - Study population 8
• - Definition of obesity and comorbidities 8
• - Study variables 10
• - Statistical analysis 11
• Results 14
• - Characteristics of offspring 14
• - Characteristics of parents 15
• - Parental sociodemographic factors and offspring obesity 18
• - Parental lifestyle and offspring obesity 21
• - Parental metabolic factors and offspring obesity 24
• - Parental dietary factors and offspring obesity 26
• Discussion 29
• References 36
• Korean abstract 42