This retrospective study evaluated the clinical outcomes of two CyberKnife (CK) stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) regimens in patients with localized prostate cancer (LPC). A total of 249 patients were treated, with 123 receiving 35 Gy in 5 f...
This retrospective study evaluated the clinical outcomes of two CyberKnife (CK) stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) regimens in patients with localized prostate cancer (LPC). A total of 249 patients were treated, with 123 receiving 35 Gy in 5 fractions and 126 receiving 36 Gy in 4 fractions, with a median follow-up of 50 months. The primary endpoint was the incidence of grade ≥2 genitourinary (GU) and gastrointestinal (GI) toxicities, assessed using CTCAE Version 5.0, while secondary endpoints included 3-year biochemical recurrence-free survival (BCRFS), locoregional recurrence-free survival (LRRFS), and distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS). Acute grade 2 GU toxicities occurred in 20 patients (8.0%) and chronic grade 2 in 14 patients (5.6%), with no significant differences between groups. Acute and chronic grade 2 GI toxicities were infrequent, reported in 3 (1.2%) and 2 (0.8%) patients, respectively, and no grade ≥3 toxicities were observed. The 3-year BCRFS was high and comparable between the 5-fraction (95.3%) and 4-fraction (96.4%) groups (P=0.595), and LRRFS rates were similarly favorable (99.1% vs. 100%, P=0.205). DMFS showed a marginal difference favoring the 5-fraction regimen (100% vs. 97.3%, P=0.045), but multivariable analysis did not identify fractionation schedule as a significant predictor (P=0.051). Overall, both SBRT regimens demonstrated excellent efficacy and tolerability, with minimal toxicity and robust disease control. These findings suggest that the dose-escalated 36 Gy in 4 fractions regimen can be safely delivered with outcomes comparable to the standard 35 Gy in 5 fractions, supporting its potential use as an alternative option for LPC management.