Ion thrusters are crucial for extended space missions, including deep-space exploration, by offering high specific impulse, which drives the growing need for enhanced performance and accurate lifetime estimation. Conventional experimental research fac...
Ion thrusters are crucial for extended space missions, including deep-space exploration, by offering high specific impulse, which drives the growing need for enhanced performance and accurate lifetime estimation. Conventional experimental research faces challenges, including the high cost and maintenance of vacuum chamber facilities and the difficulty of observing internal grid phenomena. To address these limitations, this study utilizes the Particle-In-Cell Direct Simulation Monte Carlo (PIC-DSMC) method to conduct a numerical simulation of the ion optics in an ion propulsion device.
The simulation results obtained using the improved pdFoam-based code were compared with the measured potential and ion number density distribution from prior research. The high degree of agreement successfully validated the code's fidelity. Detailed analysis were conducted on the physical phenomena within the ion optics and the influence of grid geometry changes.
When the accelerator grid voltage is insufficient, direct ion impingement on the upstream surface of the accelerator grid can occur, causing significant erosion. Furthermore, the accelerator grid voltage was confirmed to be a critical factor in determining the magnitude of the saddle point potential.
During extended operation, erosion and thermal expansion can result in dimensional changes of the grids. The effects of these changes in grid diameter and thickness were evaluated using an axisymmetric two-dimensional model for the screen-accelerator-decel grid system. The results showed that the neutral leakage increases in proportion to the grid diameter. Furthermore, the screen grid dimensions significantly influenced the sheath shape and location, while the accelerator grid played a crucial role in preventing electron backstreaming by affecting the saddle point potential.
The simulation results obtained in this study can serve as essential baseline data for the optimal design of ion thrusters and for ensuring performance reliability during long-duration missions.