For the commercialization of Proton Exchange Membrane Water Electrolysis (PEMWE) systems, it is essential to reduce the loading of iridium (Ir) anode catalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) while simultaneously ensuring performance and durab...
For the commercialization of Proton Exchange Membrane Water Electrolysis (PEMWE) systems, it is essential to reduce the loading of iridium (Ir) anode catalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) while simultaneously ensuring performance and durability. A key strategy to achieve this is supporting the catalyst on robust material. However, conventional carbon supports, despite their excellent conductivity and surface area, are vulnerable to corrosion at high voltages, whereas titanium dioxide (TiO_(2)) supports suffer from low electrical conductivity despite their superior durability. Therefore, developing a support that possesses both electrical conductivity and corrosion resistance is a major challenge for PEMWE commercialization. In this study, we fabricated nitrogen-doped carbon/titanium composite nanofiber supports using electrospinning and developed low-loading (20 wt%) iridium catalysts based on these supports. By varying the activation time and crystallization temperature during the heat treatment of the support, we optimized the carbon content and nitrogen doping while enhancing crystallinity, thereby achieving both optimal electrical conductivity and corrosion resistance. Structural analysis confirmed that the optimized heat treatment conditions maintained trace amounts of carbon, increased the crystallinity of titanium oxide, and established a robust electrical network between particles. In particular, the doped carbon and nitrogen improved electrical conductivity and facilitated charge transfer to the iridium catalyst, inducing a Strong Metal-Support Interaction (SMSI). This interaction acted as a key factor in significantly improving OER activity and durability by modulating the electronic structure of the catalyst. Notably, the Ir/A2.0-C800 catalyst, synthesized under optimal conditions (2-hour activation and 800°C crystallization), exhibited appropriate carbon content and strong metal-support interaction. In half- cell evaluations, it recorded a mass activity of 467.4 A g_(Ir) ^(-1)(@ 1.53 V vs. RHE), which is 10 times higher than that of commercial iridium oxide. Furthermore, in chronopotentiometry durability tests, it demonstrated excellent stability for approximately 40 hours with a degradation rate of 0.78 mV h^(-1). These results surpass those of existing TiO_(2)-based support studies, suggesting that the nanofiber supports developed in this study offer a novel approach for realizing high-performance and long-life PEMWE anodes.