The electrochemical reduction of CO2 (CO2RR) represents a sustainable strategy for converting CO2 into valuable chemical products. Copper-based catalysts are particularly notable for their ability to generate C2+ products with high efficiency; however...
The electrochemical reduction of CO2 (CO2RR) represents a sustainable strategy for converting CO2 into valuable chemical products. Copper-based catalysts are particularly notable for their ability to generate C2+ products with high efficiency; however, achieving selective control over product distribution remains a significant challenge. In this work, a copper catalyst modified with Bi2O3 (Cu/Bi2O3) was developed to promote selective CO2 reduction to ethanol (EtOH). During the CO2RR process, the catalyst undergoes spontaneous structural reorganization, resulting in a uniform coverage of Bi2O3 on the Cu surface. In tests conducted using a membrane electrode assembly (MEA) cell, the Cu/Bi2O3 catalyst demonstrated more than 50% selectivity for C2+ products, along with a Faradaic efficiency for ethanol (FEEtOH) of 25%. The ethanol-to- ethylene production ratio reached 1.4, which is more than twice that observed for unmodified Cu. Furthermore, the catalyst achieved a high ethanol current density (jEtOH) of 125 mA cm−2 and an ethanol energy efficiency (EEEtOH) of 16% at an applied voltage of 2.6 V. In situ Raman spectroscopy revealed that the Bi2O3 modification stabilizes Cu+ active sites, enhancing the adsorption of *CO2⁻ and *CO intermediates and facilitating C–C bond formation. Additionally, the presence of Bi2O3 improves the stability and hydrogenation of key intermediates (*OCHCH3) during ethanol formation, effectively steering the reaction pathway toward ethanol production rather than ethylene.