Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a staple food for more than half of the world’s population and is classified into two major subspecies: indica and japonica. Aromatic rice possesses a distinctive fragrance that sets it apart from ordinary rice varieties, p...
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a staple food for more than half of the world’s population and is classified into two major subspecies: indica and japonica. Aromatic rice possesses a distinctive fragrance that sets it apart from ordinary rice varieties, primarily due to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) such as 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2-AP). 2-AP is the key aroma compound in aromatic rice, imparting a strong toasted, popcorn-like, pandan-like, and bread-like scent even at trace levels. In addition to 2-AP, compounds such as 2-pentylfuran, heptanal, hexanal, nonanal, and octanal have been identified as major contributors to rice aroma. These lipid oxidation-derived compounds provide pleasant fruity and nutty notes at low concentrations but can produce off-flavors when present in excess. Aromatic rice is highly appreciated in South and Southeast Asia, where it is deeply intertwined with local culinary traditions. Globally, two well-known aromatic rice varieties are Basmati from India and Jasmine from Thailand. In addition, countries such as China, Cambodia, and Vietnam have also developed aromatic rice cultivars. In Korea, the growing preference for unique flavors and differentiated quality has led to an increasing demand for aromatic rice. In this study, eight aromatic rice cultivars (Aranghyangchalbyeo, Seolhyangchalbyeo, Mihyangbyeo, Hyangnambyeo, Hyangmibyeo1, Hyangmibyeo2, Sheonhyangheukmi, and Heugkwangbyeo) developed by the Rural Development Administration of Korea and the reference cultivar Basmati were analyzed for fatty acids using GC-FID and 16 selected VOCs (1- hexanol, 1-octen-3-ol, 1-pentanol, 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline, 2-heptanone, 2-pentylfuran, 6- methyl-5-hepten-2-one, benzaldehyde, dimethyl trisulfide, heptanal, hexanal, limonene, nonanal, octanal, pentanal, and p-xylene) using HS-SPME Arrow/GC-MS. The glutinous rice cultivars, Aranghyangchalbyeo and Seolhyangchalbyeo, tended to show higher contents of most fatty acids and VOCs compared with other aromatic cultivars, and principal component analysis (PCA) successfully separated them into four distinct groups (temperate japonica glutinous rice cultivars, non-glutinous rice cultivars, black rice cultivars, and indica non-glutinous rice cultivars). These findings are expected to contribute to identifying superior aromatic rice cultivars based on genetic differences and to supporting the revitalization of Korea’s high value-added rice industry.