본 연구는 산업간호사의 직무자율성, 조직몰입도가 이직의도에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위한 서술적 단면조사연구이다. 연구대상은 국내에 다양한 산업군(제조업, 건설업, 서비스업 등)에 ...

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본 연구는 산업간호사의 직무자율성, 조직몰입도가 이직의도에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위한 서술적 단면조사연구이다. 연구대상은 국내에 다양한 산업군(제조업, 건설업, 서비스업 등)에 ...
본 연구는 산업간호사의 직무자율성, 조직몰입도가 이직의도에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위한 서술적 단면조사연구이다. 연구대상은 국내에 다양한 산업군(제조업, 건설업, 서비스업 등)에 근무하는 '산업안전보건법'에 따라 보건관리자로 선임되어 역할을 수행하는 최소 6개월 이상의 근무경력이 있는 만 18세 이상인 산업간호사로 하였다. 자료수집은 2025년 7월 30일부터 8월 1일까지 온라인 설문지를 사용하여 자료를 수집하였다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS 23.0 프로그램을 이용하여, 평균과 표준편차, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, 사후검정으로 Scheffe’, Pearson’s Correlation coefficient, Multiple Regression의 방법을 사용하여 분석하였다.
본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다.
1. 대상자의 일반적 특성을 살펴본 결과 성별은 여성이 98.8%로 대부분을 차지하였으며, 연령은 30~39세 가 61.0%로 가장 많았다. 학력은 대졸이 80.5%로 가장 높은 비율을 보였다. 결혼 여부는 미혼이 55.5% 기혼이 44.5%였다. 현 직장의 고용형태는 정규직상태가 75.6%로 가장 많았으며, 근속연수는 1년이상~3년미만이 48.2%로 가장 높은 비율을 차지하였다. 근무업종은 제조업이 47.0%로 가장 많았고, 보건관리자 총 근무경력은 6개월이상~3년미만이 40.2%로 가장 많았다. 또한 임상간호 근무경력은 3년이상~5년미만 51.8%로 가장 많았다. 현 직장에서의 직위는 사원급이 47.6%로 가장 많았으며, 상시 근로자 수는 300명~499명의 규모의 사업장이 57.9%로 가장 높은 비율을 보였다. 보건관리자 겸직 여부에선 겸직 중인 대상자가 39.0%였고, 보건관리 업무만 전담하는 대상자는 61.0%였다. 월 평균 급여(세전)는 250만원~300만원 미만이 44.5%로 가장 많았다.
2. 대상자의 직무자율성 3.86±0.81점, 조직몰입도 4.84±1.19점, 하위영역별로의 평균점수는 정서적몰입 5.27±1.31점, 지속적몰입 4.36±1.40점, 규범적몰입 4.88±4.46점이었으며, 이직의도는 2.24±1.13점이었다.
3. 일반적 특성에 따른 직무자율성, 조직몰입도, 이직의도의 차이를 분석한 결과 직무자율성은 학력(F=10.09, p<.001), 결혼여부(t=-4.55 p<.001), 고용형태(t=54.46, p<.001), 현 직장 근속년수(F=9.59, p<.001), 보건관리자 근무경력(F=6.21, p=.003), 직위(F=4.91, p<.001), 겸직여부(t=2.44, p=.016), 월 평균 급여(세전)(F=4.95, p=.003)이 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보였다. 조직몰입도에서는 하부요인별로 분석하였다. 정서적 몰입에서 유의한 차이가 보인 것은 학력(F=9.86, p<.001), 결혼여부(t=-2.72, p=.007), 고용형태(t=33.44, p<.001), 현 직장 근속년수(F=4.21, p=.007), 겸직여부(t=5.41, p<.001)였다. 지속적몰입은 학력(F=5.50, p=.005), 결혼여부(t=-3.03, p=.003), 현 직장 근속년수(F=4.86, p=.003), 근무업종(F=9.97, p<.001), 보건관리자 근무경력(F=7.99, p<.001), 직위(F=4.54, p=.002), 현 직장 상시근로자 수(F=3.19, p=.044), 월평균 급여(세전)(F=7.51, p<.001)에 따라 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 규범적몰입에서는 성별(t=-1.25, p=.021), 학력(F=13.01, p<.001), 고용형태(t=15.81, p<.001), 현 직장 근속 년수(F=3.09, p=.029), 겸직여부(t=5.48, p<.001)에서 유의한 차이가 확인되었다. 이직의도에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보인 것은 학력(F=12.74, p<001), 고용형태(t=10.35, p=.002), 근무업종(F=8.66, p<.001), 겸직여부(t=-4.77, p<.001)에서 유의한 차이를 보였다.
4. 산업간호사의 직무자율성, 조직몰입도, 이직의도의 상관관계를 확인해보면 직무자율성은 조직몰입도 모두와 유의한 정적상관관계를 보였고, 이직의도와 유의한 부적상관관계를 보였다. 조직몰입도 중 정서적몰입은 이직의도와 유의한 부적상관관계를 보였고, 지속적몰입, 규범적몰입 또한 이직의도와 유의한 부적상관계를 나타냈다.
5. 다중회귀분석을 실시한 결과 조직몰입도 중 정서적몰입(β=-0.36, p<.001), 규범적몰입(β=-0.47, p<.001)이 이직의도에 통계적으로 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인되었으며, 산업간호사의 이직의도를 80.1%(R2=.826, adj. R2=.801, F=33.83, p=<.001)로 설명하는 것으로 나타났다.
이상의 결과를 종합해보면 산업간호사의 조직몰입도가 이직의도에 유의한 영향을 미치는 요인임을 확인할 수 있었다. 따라서 본 연구 결과를 바탕으로 산업간호사의 조직몰입도 강화, 적정한 보상체계 마련 및 직무만족도를 높일 수 있는 제도적 지원 방안이 마련되어야 할 것이다.
□ 핵심주제어
산업간호사, 직무자율성, 조직몰입도, 이직의도
다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)
This study is a descriptive cross-sectional survey conducted to examine the effects of job autonomy and organizational commitment on turnover intention among occupational health nurses. The participants were occupational health nurses aged 18 years or...
This study is a descriptive cross-sectional survey conducted to examine the effects of job autonomy and organizational commitment on turnover intention among occupational health nurses. The participants were occupational health nurses aged 18 years or older who had been appointed as health managers in accordance with the Occupational Safety and Health Act and had at least six months of work experience in various industries in Korea, including manufacturing, construction, and service sectors. Data were collected using an online questionnaire from July 30 to August 1, 2025. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS version 23.0. Descriptive statistics, including means and standard deviations, were calculated. Independent t-tests, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Scheffé post hoc tests, Pearson’s correlation coefficients, and multiple regression analyses were performed.
The results of this study are as follows.
1. Regarding the general characteristics of the participants, the majority were female (98.8%). The largest age group was 30–39 years, accounting for 61.0% of the participants. In terms of educational level, most participants held a bachelor’s degree (80.5%). With respect to marital status, 55.5% were unmarried and 44.5% were married. Type of Employment, 75.6% of the participants were employed in Regular positions. Years of Service at Current Workplace was most commonly between one and less than three years (48.2%). The Field of Industry was manufacturing (47.0%). Work experience in health management was most frequently between six months and less than three years (40.2%), Work experience in Clinical Nursing was most commonly between three and less than five years (51.8%). With respect to job position at the current workplace, staff-level positions accounted for the highest proportion (47.6%). The number of regular employees at the current workplace was most commonly between 300 and 499 employees (57.9%). Concurrent Position, 39.0% of participants were concurrently performing other duties in addition to occupational health management, while 61.0% were exclusively responsible for occupational health management tasks. The average Monthly Salary (Before Tax) ranged from 2.5 million to less than 3.0 million KRW (44.5%).
2. The mean score for job autonomy was 3.86 ± 0.81, and the mean score for organizational commitment was 4.84 ± 1.19. Regarding the subdomains of organizational commitment, the mean scores were 5.27 ± 1.31 for affective commitment, 4.36 ± 1.40 for continuance commitment, and 4.88 ± 4.46 for normative commitment. The mean score for turnover intention was 2.24 ± 1.13.
3. Differences in job autonomy, organizational commitment, and turnover intention according to general characteristics were analyzed. Job autonomy showed statistically significant differences according to educational level (F = 10.09, p < .001), marital status (t = −4.55, p < .001), Type of Employment (t = 54.46, p < .001), Years of Service at Current Workplace (F = 9.59, p < .001), Work experience in health management (F = 6.21, p = .003), job position (F = 4.91, p < .001), Concurrent Position(t = 2.44, p = .016), and monthly average salary before tax (F = 4.95, p = .003). Organizational commitment was analyzed by subdomains. For affective commitment, statistically significant differences were found according to educational level (F = 9.86, p < .001), marital status (t = −2.72, p = .007), Type of Employment (t = 33.44, p < .001), Years of Service at Current Workplace (F = 4.21, p = .007), and Concurrent Position(t = 5.41, p < .001). Continuance commitment showed statistically significant differences according to educational level (F = 5.50, p = .005), marital status (t = −3.03, p = .003), Years of Service at Current Workplace (F = 4.86, p = .003), Field of Industry (F = 9.97, p < .001), Work experience in health management (F = 7.99, p < .001), job position (F = 4.54, p = .002), Number of regular employees at the current workplace (F = 3.19, p = .044), and monthly average salary before tax (F = 7.51, p < .001). For normative commitment, statistically significant differences were observed according to gender (t = −1.25, p = .021), educational level (F = 13.01, p < .001), Type of Employment (t = 15.81, p < .001), Years of Service at Current Workplace (F = 3.09, p = .029), and Concurrent Position(t = 5.48, p < .001). Turnover intention showed statistically significant differences according to educational level (F = 12.74, p < .001), Type of Employment (t = 10.35, p = .002), Field of Industry (F = 8.66, p < .001), and Concurrent Position(t = −4.77, p < .001).
4. Job autonomy showed significant positive correlations with all subdomains of organizational commitment and a significant negative correlation with turnover intention. Among the subdomains of organizational commitment, affective commitment demonstrated a significant negative correlation with turnover intention, while continuance commitment and normative commitment also showed significant negative correlations with turnover intention.
5. Multiple regression analysis revealed that, among the subdomains of organizational commitment, affective commitment (β = −0.36, p < .001) and normative commitment (β = −0.47, p < .001) had statistically significant effects on turnover intention. The model explained 80.1% of the variance in turnover intention among occupational health nurses (R² = .826, adjusted R² = .801, F = 33.83, p < .001).
Based on the findings of this study, organizational commitment was identified as a significant factor influencing turnover intention among occupational health nurses. Therefore, the results suggest that institutional strategies should be developed to strengthen organizational commitment, establish appropriate compensation systems, and enhance job satisfaction among occupational health nurses.
□ keywords
Occupational Health Nurses, Job Autonomy, Organizational Commitment, Turnover Intention
목차 (Table of Contents)