문학번역에서의 재번역 동인 연구 : 중국 현대소설의 한국어 재번역을 중심으로

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The purpose of this study is to examine the phenomenon of retranslating modern Chinese novels into Korean by moving beyond the conventional focus on the target text context. By integrating the "variability of the source text" into the discussion, this study aims to identify the motivations for retranslation from multiple angles and, ultimately, propose a "Multi-dimensional Analysis Model of Retranslation Motivations." The core premise of this research is that retranslation is not determined solely by the reception demands of the target culture but arises from a dynamic interaction with the inherent variability of the source text itself.
While previous studies on retranslation have largely relied on target-text-oriented factors—such as the socio-cultural environment, norms, and target readership of the receiving country—the influence of source text context has not been sufficiently illuminated. In particular, modern Chinese novels possess a unique characteristic where multiple editions coexist due to political and social shifts and the authors’ own creative reconstructions. Despite this, existing research has often overlooked this complexity or remained limited to microscopic analyses, such as comparing individual translation strategies, failing to systematically identify the drivers that trigger retranslation. Accordingly, this study selects Lao She’s Camel Xiangzi and Mo Yan’s Red Sorghum as key case studies. It empirically verifies how the evolution of the original texts influenced the timing and aspects of their Korean retranslations and, based on these findings, proposes a multi-dimensional analysis model that considers the source text context.
The major discussions and analytical results of this study are as follows:
Chapter 2 first establishes a clear concept of retranslation and critically reviews major theories, including Polysystem theory and translation norms. Based on this, a "Basic Analysis Framework for Retranslation Motivations centered on Target Text Context" was derived, consisting of social, publishing, and translational motivations. Furthermore, the study provides a diachronic overview of the Korean retranslation of modern Chinese novels and examines the issue of "multiple editions"—or source text variability—to lay the theoretical foundation for empirical analysis.
Chapter 3 applies the aforementioned basic framework to actual cases to identify specific motivational factors. On the social level, the analysis confirmed that macro-environmental factors, such as changes in the status of Chinese literature within the Korean literary polysystem, shifts in mainstream poetics and critical discourse, and the aging of existing translations due to changing language norms, created an environment conducive to retranslation. On the publishing level, factors such as copyright changes (e.g., the need for authorized versions or cost reduction after copyright expiration), the demand for new readerships, and commercial planning (e.g., film adaptations, re-evaluation of literary value, and series planning) were identified as practical drivers. Finally, on the translational level, the will to correct defects in previous translations—such as mistranslations, omissions, and stylistic limitations—and unconscious retranslations caused by information asymmetry were found to be significant factors.
Chapter 4 verifies the validity and limitations of the existing target-context-centered framework through the case studies of Camel Xiangzi and Red Sorghum, both of which have multiple original versions. The results revealed that while target context drivers could explain the "timing" of retranslation, they failed to explain "internal textual changes," such as the different endings adopted in the 1980s retranslations of Camel Xiangzi or the expansion of Red Sorghum from a novella to a novel series in 2007. This suggests that the motivations for retranslation are deeply connected to the issue of "variant source texts" referenced by translators or publishers.
Consequently, Chapter 5 shifts the focus to the source text context. By tracing the transformation process of the original texts for both works, the study empirically examines how this variability influenced the actual Korean retranslation process, proving a correlation between the two. Specifically, for Camel Xiangzi, the trend of "restoring original works" in China during the 1980s was a key trigger for the 1986 retranslation and served as the textual basis for the improved completeness of the 1989 version. Similarly, for Red Sorghum, the structural expansion and canonization of the original text provided the decisive justification for the 2007 "complete translation" in the Korean market, moving beyond the previous novella-focused translations.
Finally, Chapter 6 synthesizes the findings to propose a "Multi-dimensional Analysis Model of Retranslation Motivations" that incorporates source text variability as a variable, categorizing the interaction patterns between motivational factors. Retranslation patterns are divided into those driven entirely by the target text context and those where the source text context intervenes. The latter is further subdivided into cases where both contexts combine to trigger retranslation (e.g., Camel Xiangzi in 1986, Red Sorghum in 2007), cases where target factors lead while source changes act as a qualitative background (e.g., Camel Xiangzi in 1989), and cases where target factors overwhelm source changes, delaying their reflection (e.g., Red Sorghum in 1997). This categorization demonstrates the necessity of treating the "original work" as a fluid independent variable and proves the "time lag of influence," where source text changes are reflected only when the target reception foundation is mature.
In conclusion, this study breaks away from the concept of a "fixed source text" presupposed by existing retranslation research and establishes that "source text variability" must be set as an essential independent variable in analyzing retranslation motivations. This expands the horizons of research on the retranslation of modern Chinese novels and offers a meaningful analytical starting point for explaining retranslation phenomena in other literary cultures where source text variability is prominent. Moreover, it holds academic and practical significance by highlighting the importance of bibliographical review in translation criticism and publishing planning.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 1. 서론 1
• 1.1. 연구의 필요성 및 목적 1
• 1.2. 선행 연구 6
• 1.3. 연구 대상 13
• 1.4. 논문 구성 15
• 2. 이론적 배경 18
• 2.1. 재번역의 개념 18
• 2.2. 재번역의 동인 23
• 2.2.1. 재번역 동인 분석을 위한 이론적 검토 23
• 2.2.2. 도착 텍스트 맥락 중심의 기초적 동인 분석 틀 구성 35
• 2.3. 중국 현대소설의 한국어 재번역 양상에 대한 통시적 고찰 43
• 2.3.1. 해방 이후~1980년대 이전 44
• 2.3.2. 1980년대 이후~한중 수교 이전 48
• 2.3.3. 수교 이후~2000년대 후반 51
• 2.3.4. 2000년대 후반 이후 54
• 2.4. 중국 현대소설 텍스트의 가변성과 재번역 59
• 3. 도착 텍스트 맥락 중심의 재번역 동인 요소 분석 66
• 3.1. 사회적 동인 66
• 3.1.1. 한국문학 폴리시스템 내 중국문학 위상 변화에 따른 재번역 66
• 3.1.2. 주류 시학 변화에 따른 재번역 72
• 3.1.3. 텍스트·언어 규범 변화에 따른 재번역 77
• 3.2. 출판적 동인 82
• 3.2.1. 저작권 제도 변화에 따른 재번역 82
• 3.2.2. 새로운 독자층을 확보하기 위한 재번역 88
• 3.2.3. 상업적·기획적 판단으로 인한 재번역 91
• 3.3. 번역적 동인 103
• 3.3.1. 기존 번역의 결함 보완으로 인한 재번역 103
• 3.3.2. 기존 번역에 대한 정보 비대칭으로 인한 재번역 109
• 3.4. 소결 112
• 4. 도착 텍스트 맥락 중심 동인 요소의 적용과 한계 114
• 4.1. 『낙타샹즈』의 재번역 현황과 동인 분석 114
• 4.1.1. 『낙타샹즈』의 재번역 현황 114
• 4.1.2. 재번역 동인 분석 121
• 4.2. 『붉은 수수밭』의 재번역 현황과 동인 분석 148
• 4.2.1. 『붉은 수수밭』의 재번역 현황 148
• 4.2.2. 재번역 동인 분석 154
• 4.3. 적용 결과 및 한계 181
• 5. 출발 텍스트 가변성과 재번역의 상관성 186
• 5.1. 『낙타샹즈』 원문 텍스트의 변화와 1980년대의 재번역 186
• 5.1.1. 『낙타샹즈』 원문 텍스트의 변화 186
• 5.1.2. 원문 복원 흐름과 1980년대 재번역 191
• 5.2. 『붉은 수수밭』 원문 텍스트의 변화와 2007년 재번역 199
• 5.2.1. 『붉은 수수밭』 원문 텍스트의 변화 199
• 5.2.2. 원문 구조 및 위상 변화와 2007년 재번역 204
• 5.3. 소결 209
• 6. 출발 텍스트 맥락을 고려한 다원적 재번역 동인 분석 모델 214
• 6.1. 다원적 동인 분석 모델의 구성 214
• 6.1.1. 도착 텍스트 맥락 215
• 6.1.2. 출발 텍스트 맥락 219
• 6.1.3. 분석 모델의 도식화 224
• 6.2. 동인 요소 간의 상호작용 양상 227
• 6.3. 분석적 함의 229
• 7. 결론 231
• 참고문헌 239
• ABSTRACT 254