The PICC not only serves as a legal alternative to overcome the various obstacles arising in international trade, but also facilitates swift and smooth transactions, providing a substantive legal foundation for parties to international trade to reason...
The PICC not only serves as a legal alternative to overcome the various obstacles arising in international trade, but also facilitates swift and smooth transactions, providing a substantive legal foundation for parties to international trade to reasonably pursue economic interests. From this perspective, the PICC is faithfully fulfilling its essential role as a core legal foundation for international trade today. The utility of the PICC can be summarized as follows.
First, the PICC is not a hard law like the CISG, but rather a soft law. Rather than a binding, unified law established through formal legislative procedures, it compiles general principles that can universally govern international trade and formulates them in the form of a restatement, resulting in high applicability. As a result, by adopting the PICC, parties to international commercial contracts can secure the legal utility of functioning as a de facto source of law.
Second, the adoption of the PICC is not bound by the existing international private law order. Therefore, it adopts a global norm based on general principles of law or lex mercatoria as the governing law of a contract, rather than the laws of the home country or the counterparty, thereby enhancing the autonomy and finality of international commercial norms. This suggests that the PICC is being evaluated as a fruit of legal unification from a commercial law perspective.
Third, the PICC can be adopted or applied as a balanced set of general principles for global application, regardless of the legal traditions, political, and economic circumstances of a particular country. However, unlike the CISG, the PICC is not an international convention and therefore lacks mandatory legal binding force. However, if the parties reach an agreement based on their autonomy, it can be expected to have a reasonable legal effect.
Fourth, while the PECL is a regional legal norm intended for application within the EU, the PICC has the flexibility to apply to parties outside the EU. For example, EU legislatures and judicial bodies tend to preferentially apply the PECL when resolving or interpreting various legal issues based on the unified laws of member states, which can expose limitations in terms of legal certainty. In contrast, the PICC broader scope of application provides greater practical utility in international trade.
Meanwhile, the PICC positive functional role is regularly published by UNILEX, which provides meaningful substantive information in the field of international commercial contracts. Its content is based on case law, categorized by country, issue, and article, specifically those cases where the PICC has been applied and/or cited. Therefore, UNILEX serves as a valuable guide, providing a clear overview of the development and trends of disputes related to international commercial contracts. Against the backdrop of the positive functional roles of the PICC and UNILEX, this study analyzed and evaluated the trends and trends in PICC cases published in UNILEX as of the time of this study submission. This analysis provides legal standards that can be effectively and appropriately referenced in international commercial contract practice, as well as significant implications for the resolution and prevention of disputes in international commercial transactions.
Given the rapidly diversifying nature of international trade today, understanding the international private law of the other country and reflecting the parties' intentions in the contract whenever a legal issue arises regarding an international commercial contract is a complex and challenging task. Furthermore, the laws governing international commercial contracts sometimes differ significantly across countries, and even countries with identical legal provisions on international commercial contracts often exhibit significant differences in their interpretation. Under these circumstances, a PICC that fully reflects the specific characteristics of international trade could significantly contribute to the promotion of international trade and fair dispute resolution.