PPM 프레임워크를 활용한 시니어타운 입주 의향 실증 연구 : 자산규모 조절효과 중심으로

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

An Empirical Study on Senior Town Tenant Intentions Using the Push–Pull–Mooring (PPM) Framework : Focusing on the Effect of adjusting Asset Size Choo, Sung-il Advisor : Prof. Kim Dong-Ki, Ph.D. Department of Urban Regeneration & Real Estate, Graduate School of GwangJu University This study aims to analyze the factors influencing seniors’ intentions to move into senior towns by applying the Push–Pull–Mooring (PPM) framework and to examine how asset size moderates these relationships. The research seeks to provide a comprehensive understanding of the cognitive, psychological, and economic mechanisms underlying residential migration decisions among seniors, thereby expanding the theoretical application of the PPM model to the context of senior housing behavior in Korea. In doing so, it integrates the multidimensional factors(physical, social and perceptual) that shape the decision-making process surrounding relocation in later life. Within the PPM framework, push factors represent the elements that drive seniors away from their current residences, including residential management burden, relational disconnection, future anxiety, and household work burden. Pull factors refer to the attractions that motivate relocation, such as medical services, lifestyle convenience services, leisure and social activities, and safety. Mooring factors denote the psychological or situational constraints that inhibit movement, including resistance to environmental change, the image of elderly facilities, cost burden, and lack of residential information. The moderating variable (asset size) was used to classify respondents into two groups: those possessing less than 1 billion KRW in assets and those possessing more. Empirical data were collected through a nationwide survey of 291 valid respondents aged 55 years and older. The questionnaire was designed to measure the push, pull, and mooring variables using validated scales, and the data were analyzed using SPSS 24.0 with t-tests, ANOVA, and hierarchical regression analyses. Through these analyses, the study sought to identify both the direct and interactive effects of each factor on the intention to relocate to a senior town. The results revealed several significant findings. First, differences in relocation intention were observed based on residential area and household type. Seniors residing in metropolitan areas exhibited higher intentions to move into senior towns compared to those in non-metropolitan areas, reflecting greater exposure to modern senior housing models and lifestyle-oriented residential values. Similarly, single-person households demonstrated higher relocation intentions than multi-person households, indicating that social isolation and self-care burdens strengthen the perceived benefits of communal senior living environments. Second, among the push factors, both residential management burden and household work burden exerted significant positive effects on relocation intention. This suggests that the physical and emotional fatigue associated with maintaining one’s current residence acts as a strong motivational force toward relocation. Among the pull factors, medical services, convenience services, and leisure/social activities also showed positive and significant influences, implying that the perceived quality of integrated living services enhances the attractiveness of senior towns. Conversely, mooring factors, specifically resistance to environmental change and cost burden, had negative effects, reflecting psychological attachment and financial constraints as critical barriers. Relational disconnection, future anxiety, safety, facility image, and lack of residential information did not exhibit statistically significant effects, suggesting that the perception of senior towns in contemporary Korea has evolved beyond the traditional image of elderly care facilities. Third, the moderating analysis of asset size demonstrated that economic capacity plays a crucial role in shaping seniors’ evaluative and behavioral responses. Significant moderating effects were found for household work burden, medical services, lifestyle convenience services, leisure and social activities, and resistance to environmental change. Seniors with higher asset levels showed stronger relocation intentions when they perceived higher service quality and lifestyle enrichment, whereas those with lower assets remained more constrained by economic limitations and psychological uncertainty. No moderating effects were found for other variables, indicating that some psychosocial mechanisms operate universally across economic strata. Overall, these findings confirm that seniors’ relocation intentions toward senior towns are not determined by isolated factors but emerge through an interactive and multidimensional cognitive–behavioral process. Push factors trigger dissatisfaction with current living conditions; pull factors create positive expectations of enhanced well-being; and mooring factors serve as restraining forces balancing the decision. The moderating role of asset size further illustrates that economic resources transform the perception of both attraction and constraint—reshaping the balance between the desire for comfort and the fear of change. This study makes a theoretical contribution by empirically testing the PPM framework within the context of senior residential mobility and demonstrating that asset size functions as a cognitive moderator that alters the relative strength of motivational and inhibiting factors. The results emphasize that relocation to a senior town represents not merely a housing choice but a complex decision reflecting seniors’ pursuit of autonomy, quality of life, and psychological security in later adulthood. Keywords: Senior town, relocation intention, PPM framework, Push–Pull– Mooring, asset size, senior housing behavior

목차 (Table of Contents)

• ABSTRACT
• 제1장 서론 1
• 제1절 연구의 배경 및 목적 1
• 1. 연구의 배경 1
• 2. 연구의 목적 3
• 제2절 연구의 범위 및 방법 6
• 1. 연구의 범위 6
• 2. 연구의 방법 7
• 제3절 연구의 구성 및 체계 8
• 제2장 이론적 고찰 11
• 제1절 시니어타운 개요 11
• 1. 시니어타운 정의 11
• 2. 시니어타운 등장배경 12
• 3. 국내외 시니어타운 발전과정 16
• 4. 시니어타운 유형 23
• 제2절 시니어타운 법령, 현황 및 연구이슈 29
• 1. 시니어타운 관련 법령 및 정책 29
• 2. 국내 시니어타운 현황 36
• 3. 시니어타운 연구이슈 38
• 제3절 시니어타운 입주의향 결정 이론 44
• 1. PPM(Push-Pull-Mooring) 이론 44
• 2. 시니어타운 입주의향 결정 요인 47
• 제4절 선행연구 고찰 50
• 1. PPM모형 기반 시니어 주거이동 선행연구 50
• 2. 시니어타운 입주의향에 영향을 미치는 요인 : 국내선행연구 53
• 3. 시니어타운 입주의향에 영향을 미치는 요인 : 국외선행연구 56
• 4. 본 연구의 차별성 59
• 제5절 소결 61
• 제3장 연구설계 62
• 제1절 연구모형, 연구가설, 자료수집 및 분석방법 62
• 1. 연구모형 62
• 2. 연구가설 66
• 3. 자료수집 및 분석방법 72
• 제2절 측정도구 74
• 1. 변수의 조직적 정의 74
• 2. 측정도구의 구성 75
• 제3절 표본의 일반적 특성 분석 및 기술통계 분석 79
• 1. 표본의 일반적 특성 분석 79
• 2. 기술통계 분석 80
• 제4절 소결 81
• 제4장 분석결과 82
• 제1절 타당성, 신뢰성 및 상관관계 분석 82
• 1. 타당성 분석 82
• 2. 신뢰성 분석 86
• 3. 상관관계 분석 87
• 제2절 시니어타운 입주의향에 미치는 영향관계 분석 88
• 1. 집단간 시니어타운 입주의향 차이분석 88
• 2. 영향관계분석 92
• 3. 자산규모의 조절효과 101
• 제3절 실증분석 결과 요약 및 의미 109
• 1. 실증분석 결과 요약 109
• 2. 실증분석 결과 의미 111
• 제4절 실증분석 결과에 기반한 시니어타운 입주 전략 117
• 1. 실증분석 결과의 해석과 시사적 구조 117
• 2. Push요인 기반의 전략적 함의 118
• 3. Pull요인 중심으로 한 서비스 차별화 전략 120
• 4. Mooring요인 제약 구조와 완화 방안 123
• 5. 자산규모 기반한 세분화 및 마케팅 전략 126
• 6. 도시재생과 시니어타운의 전략적 결합 131
• 7. PPM 모형 기반 시니어타운 입주 전략 제고 로드맵 139
• 제5절 소결 141
• 제5장 결론 143
• 제1절 연구 결과 요약 143
• 제2절 연구의 시사점 146
• 제3절 연구의 한계 및 향후 연구 방향 150
• 참고문헌 152
• 부록 164
• 설문지170